解放军文职招聘考试2014年12月英语四级真题试卷（第一套）-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-06-18 18:36:032014年12月英语四级真题试卷（第一套）word版Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)Section AA) She will go purchase the gift herself.B) The gift should not be too expensive.C) The man is not good at balancing his budget.D) They are going to Jane s house-warming party.A) It takes patience to go through the statistics.B) He has prepared the statistics for the woman.C) The woman should take a course in statistics.D) He is quite willing to give the woman a hand.A) The man wants to make some change in the scripts.B) The woman does not take the recording seriously.C) They cannot begin their recording right away.D) Page 55 is missing from the woman s scripts.A) A significant event in July.B) Preparations for a wedding.C) The date of Carl s wedding.D) The birthday of Carl s bride.A) The man was in charge of scheduling meetings.B) The man was absent from the weekly meeting.C) They woman was annoyed at the man s excuse.D) The woman forgot to tell the man in advance.A) The woman is a marvelous cook.B) The man cannot wait for his meal.C) The woman has just bought an oven.D) The man has to leave in half an hour.A) Whether the man can keep his job.B) Where the man got the bad news.C) What items sell well in the store.D) How she can best help the man.A) The woman can sign up for a swimming class.B) He works in the physical education department.C) The woman has the potential to swim like a fish.D) He would like to teach the woman how to swim.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) He teaches in a law school.B) He loves classical music.C) He is a diplomat.D) He is a wonderful lecturer.A) Went to see a play.B) Watched a soccer game.C) Took some photos.D) Attended a dance.A) She decided to get married in three years.B) Her mother objected to Eric s flying lessons.C) She insisted that Eric pursue graduate studies.D) Her father said she could marry Eric right away.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) Editor.B) Teacher.C) Journalist.D) Typist.A) The beautiful Amazon rainforests.B) A new railway under construction.C) Big changes in the Amazon valley.D) Some newly discovered scenic spot.A) In news weeklies.B) In newspapers Sunday editions.C) In a local evening paper.D) In overseas editions of U.S. magazines.A) To be employed by a newspaper.B) To become a professional writer.C) To sell her articles to news service.D) To get her life story published soon.Section BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) Nodding one s head.B) Waving one s hand.C) Holding up the forefinger.D) Turning the right thumb down.A) Looking away from them.B) Forming a circle with fingers.C) Bowing one s head to them.D) Waving or pointing to them.A) Looking one s superior in the eye.B) Keeping one s arms folded while talking.C) Showing the sole of one s foot to a guest.D) Using a lot of gestures during a conversation.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) They had to beg for food after the harvest.B) They grew wheat and corn on a small farm.C) They shared a small flat with their relatives.D) The children walked to school on dirt roads.A) Tour Ecuador s Andes Mountains.B) Earn an animal income of $2,800.C) Purchase a plot to build a home on.D) Send their children to school.A) The achievements of the Trickle Up Program.B) A new worldwide economic revolution.C) Different forms of assistance to the needy.D) The life of poor people in developing countries.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) They are highly sensitive to cold.B) They are vitally important to our life.C) They are a living part of our body.D) They are a chief source of our pain.A) It has to be removed in time by a dentist.B) It is a rare oral disease among old people.C) It contains many nerves and blood vessels.D) It is a sticky and colorless film on the teeth.A) It can change into acids causing damage to their outer covering.B) It greatly reduces their resistance to the attacks of bacteria.C) It makes their nerves and blood vessels more sensitive to acid food.D) It combines with food particles to form a film on their surface.A) Food particles.B) Gum disease.C) Unhealthy living habits.D) Chemical erosion.Section CStunt people (替身演员) are not movie stars, but they are the hidden heroes of many movies.They were around long before films. Even Shakespeare may have used them in fight scenes. To be good, a fight scene has to look real. Punches must __26__ enemies jaws. Sword fights must be fought with __27__ swords. Several actors arc usually in a fight scene. Their moves must be set up so that no one gets hurt. It is almost like planning a dance performance.If a movie scene is dangerous, stunt people usually __28__ the stars. You may think you see Tom Cruise running along the top of a train. But it is __29__ his stunt double. Stunt people must __30__ the stars they stand in for. Their height and build should be about the same. But when close-ups are needed, the film __31__ the star. Some stunt people __32__ in certain kinds of scenes. For instance, a stunt woman named Jan Davis does all kinds of jumps. She has leapt from planes and even off the top of a waterfall. Each jump required careful planning and expert __33__.Yakima Canutt was a famous cowboy stunt man. Among other stunts, he could jump from a second story window onto a horse s back. He __34__ the famous trick of sliding under a moving stagecoach. Canutt also __35__ a new way to make a punch look real. He was the only stunt man ever to get an Oscar.Part III Reading Comprehension (40minntes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.As an Alaskan fisherman, Timothy June, 54, used to think that he was safe from industrial pollutants (污染物) at his home in Haines a town with a population of 2,400 people and 4,000 eagles, with 8 million acres of protected wild land nearby. But in early 2007, June agreed to take part in a __36__ of 35 Americans from seven states. It was a biomonitoring project, in which people"s blood and urine (尿) were tested for __37__ of chemicals in this case, three potentially dangerous classes of compounds found in common household __38__ like face cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The results __39__ in November in a report called Is It in Us? by an environmental group were rather worrying. Every one of the participants, __40__ from an Illinois state senator to a Massachusetts minister, tested positive for all three classes of pollutants. And while the __41__ presence of these chemicals does not __42__ indicate a health risk, the fact that typical Americans carry these chemicals at all __43__ June and his fellow participants.Clearly, there are chemicals in our bodies that don"t __44__ there. A large, ongoing study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found 148 chemicals in Americans of all ages. And in 2005, the Environmental Working Group found an __45__ of 200 chemicals in the blood of 10 new-borns. Our babies are being born pre-polluted, says Sharyle Patton of Commonweal, which cosponsored Is It in Us? This is going to be the next big environmental issue after climate change.A) analysesB) averageC) belongD) demonstratedE) excessF) extendingG) habituallyH) necessarilyI) productsJ) rangingK) releasedL) shockedM) simpleN) surveyO) tracesSection BIn Hard Economy for All Ages, Older Isn"t Better... It"s Brutal[A] Young graduates are in debt, out of work and on their parents" couches. People in their 30s and 40s can"t afford to buy homes or have children. Retirees are earning near-zero interest on their savings.[B] In the current listless (缺乏活力的) economy, every generation has a claim to having been most injured. But the Labor Department"s latest jobs reports and other recent data present a strong case for crowning baby boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的人) A) as the greatest victims of the recession and its dreadful consequences.[C] These Americans in their 50s and early 60s those near retirement age who do not yet have access to Medicare and Social Security have lost the most earnings power of any age group, with their household incomes 10 percent below what they made when the recovery began three years ago, according to Sentier Research, a data analysis company. Their retirement savings and home values fell sharply at the worst possible time: just before they needed to cash out. They are supporting both aged parents and unemployed young-adult children, earning them the unlucky nickname Generation Squeeze.[D] New research suggests that they may die sooner, because their health, income security and mental well-being were battered (重创) by recession at a crucial time in their lives. A recent study by economists at Wellesley College found that people who lost their jobs in the few years before becoming qualified for Social Security lost up to three years from their life expectancy (预期寿命), largely because they no longer had access to affordable health care.[E] Unemployment rates for Americans nearing retirement are far lower than those for young people, who are recently out of school, with fewer skills and a shorter work history. But once out of a job, older workers have a much harder time finding another one. Over the last year, the average duration of unemployment for older people was 53 weeks, compared with 19 weeks for teenagers, according to the Labor Department"s jobs report released on Friday.[F] The lengthy process is partly because older workers are more likely to have been laid off from industries that are downsizing, like manufacturing. Compared with the rest of the population, older people are also more likely to own their own homes and be less mobile than renters, who can move to new job markets.[G] Older workers are more likely to have a disability of some sort, perhaps limiting the range of jobs that offer realistic choices. They may also be less inclined, at least initially, to take jobs that pay far less than their old positions.[H] Displaced boomers also believe they are victims of age discrimination, because employers can easily find a young, energetic worker who will accept lower pay and who can potentially stick around for decades rather than a few years.[I] In a survey by the center of older workers who were laid off during the recession, just one in six had found another job, and half of that group had accepted pay cuts. 14% of the re-employed said the pay in their new job was less than half what they earned in their previous job. I just say to myself: "Why me? What have 1 done to deserve this?" said John Agati, 56, whose last full-time job, as a product developer, ended four years ago when his employer went out of business. That position paid $90,000, and his resume lists jobs at companies like American Express, Disney and USA Networks. Since being laid off, though, he has worked a series of part-time, low-wage, temporary positions, including selling shoes at Lord Taylor and making sales calls for a car company.[J] The last few years have taken a toll not only on his family"s finances, but also on his feelings of self-worth. You just get sad, Mr. Agati said. I see people getting up in the morning, going out to their careers and going home. I just wish I was doing that. Some people don"t like their jobs, or they have problems with their jobs, but at least they"re working. I just wish I was in their shoes. He said he cannot afford to go back to school, as many younger people without jobs have done. Even if he could afford it, economists say it is unclear whether older workers like him benefit much from more education.[K] It just doesn"t make sense to offer retraining for people 55 and older, said Daniel Hamermesh, an economics professor. Discrimination by age, long-term unemployment, and the fact that they"re now at the end of the hiring queue just don"t make it sensible to invest in them.[L] Many displaced older workers are taking this message to heart and leaving the labor force entirely. The share of older people applying for Social Security early rose quickly during the recession as people sought whatever income they could find. The penalty they will pay is permanent, as retirees who take benefits at age 62 will receive as much as 30% less in each month"s check for the rest of their lives than they would if they had waited until full retirement age (66 for those born after 1942).[M] Those not yet eligible for Social Security are increasingly applying for another, comparable kind of income support that often goes to people who expect never to work again: disability benefits. More than one in eight people in their late 50s is now on some form of federal disability insurance program, according to Mark Duggan, chairman of the department of business economics and public policy at the University of Pennsylvania"s Wharton School.[N] The very oldest Americans, of course, were battered by some of the same ill winds that tormented those now nearing retirement, but at least the most senior were cushioned by a more readily available social safety net. More important, in a statistical twist, they may have actually benefited from the financial crisis in the most fundamental way: prolonged lives.[O] Death rates for people over 65 have historically fallen during recessions, according to a November 2011 study by economists at the University of California, Davis. Why? The researchers argue that weak job markets push more workers into accepting relatively undesirable work at nursing homes, leading to better care for residents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46. Greater mobility puts younger people at an advantage in seeking new jobs.47. Many of the older workers laid off during the recession had to accept lower pay in their new jobs.48. Those who has their jobs shortly before retirement age live a shorter-than-average life.49. Seniors at nursing homes could benefit from the weak job market.50. Age discrimination in employment makes it pointless retraining older workers.51. According to recent reports and data analyses, boomers suffer most from the weak economy.52. Unemployed boomers are at a disadvantage in job-hunting because employers tend to hire younger workers.53. People in their fifties and early sixties bear the heaviest family burdens.54. People who take benefits from Social Security before official retirement age will get much less for the rest of their lives.55. Older workers" choice of jobs can be limited because of disability.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet"s tremendous impact has only just begun.Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global, Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it"s that authors don"t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes and more importantly predicts how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that technology is neutral, but people aren"t. By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy (对立观点) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they"re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (监视).56. In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A) It transforms human history.B) It facilitates daily communication.C) It is adopted by all humanity.D) It revolutionizes people"s thinking.57. How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A) They are immeasurable.B) They are worldwide.C) They are unpredictable.D) They are contaminating.58. In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A) It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B) It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C) It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.D) It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.59. What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A) People will be living in two different realities.B) People will have equal access to information.C) People don"t have to travel to see the world.D) People don"t have to communicate face to face.60. What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A) They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B) They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C) They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D) They don"t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year die average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款) payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.Other members of the autoworker"s family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic, security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相当的人), white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no -fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the life of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61. What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A) They had less job security than they do today.B) It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C) Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D) They were better off than workers in other industries.62. What does the author about retired people today?A) They invariably long to return to the golden past.B) They do not depend so much on social welfare.C) They feel more secure economically than in the past.D) They are usually unwilling to live with their children.63. Why couldn"t black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood?A) They lacked the means of transportation.B) They were subjected to racial inequality.C) They were afraid to break the law.D) They were too poor to afford it.64. What is the result of no-fault divorce?A) Divorce is easier to obtain.B) Domestic violence is lessened.C) It causes little pain to either side.D) It contributes to social unrest.65. What does the author suggest society do?A) Get prepared to face any new challenges.B) Try to better the current social security.C) Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D) Improve the lives of families with problems.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English．越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引，有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅cet4v.com化、丰富知识、拓宽视野。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。The Classmate Who Has Influenced Me Most in CollegeClassmates play an essential role in our life. When it comes to the classmate who has influenced me most in college, undoubtedly. Zhao Lei is the one who comes to my mind first.Zhao Lei is my roommate and my best friend. The reasons why I deem that Zhao Lei has influenced me most are as follows: firstly, one can always find a smile on his face which not only reflects his pleasant and optimistic character but also gives others a good impression. This is what I need to learn from Zhao Lei first. Secondly, Zhao Lei is diligent. He does well in all his subjects. However, he is no bookworm. He joins societies such as basketball club and poetry society. He never plays computer games, and only spends time-and energy on things that are conducive to personal development. Thirdly, Zhao Lei is always ready to help others. I never saw him turn a deaf ear to other"s request for help.Thanks to Zhao Lei, I have learned the importance of optimism, diligence and kindness, the indispensable virtues in life.1-8：BDCCCBAA9-11：CBD12-15：BCBC16-18：ADC19-21：ADA22-25：CDAB26. land on27. sharp28. fill in for29. probably30. resemble31. focuses on32. specialize33. timing34. invented35. figured out36-45：NOIKJ MHLCB46-55：FIDOK BECLG56-65：BBCAD BCBADTranslationMore and more Chinese young people are gaining interest in tourism, which is a new trend recently. The rising number of young tourists can be attributed to their rapidly increasing income and the curiosity of exploring the outside world. With the increase of traveling, young people spend less time in big cities and famous scenic spots, instead they are more attracted by remote locations. Some even choose long-distance backpacking trip. A recent survey shows that many young people want to experience different culture, enrich knowledge and expand their horizon via traveling.
解放军文职招聘考试2013年12月英语四级真题试卷（第一套）-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-06-18 19:01:472013年12月英语四级真题试卷（第一套）word版Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the internet on learning and then explain why education doesn"t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)Section A（对话部分）A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten.B) The man will soon start a business of his own.C) The man would like to be a high school teacher.D) The woman is going to major in child education.A) The furniture has to be rearranged.B) The sound equipment has to be set up.C) The conference room has to be cleaned.D) The video machine has to be checked.A) She is exhausted.B) She is near-sighted.C) She cannot finish work in time.D) She cannot go straight home.A) The woman is too particular about food.B) He would rather have a meal an hour later.C) The woman should order her food quickly.D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.A) He is not a good mechanic.B) He doesn t keep his promises.C) He spends his spare time doing repairs.D) He is always ready to offer help to others.A) Sam has a big family to support.B) Sam is not interested in traveling.C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.D) The work hours in the travel agency arc too longA) International trade.B) Product development.C) Financial consulting.D) Domestic retailing.A) Go on a business trip.B) Look for a job in Miami.C) Make a ticket reservation.D) Take a vacation.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) It is located on Route 18.B) It has an interesting museum.C) It is a beautiful little town.D) It lies seven miles east of Newton.A) They are in opposite directions.B) They are fifty-five miles apart.C) They are quite close to each other.D) They are a long drive from Norwalk.A) They are connected by RouteB) They are crowded with tourists.C) They have lots of old houses.D) They have many rare plants.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.B) Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.C) Fetch the documents signed by Mr Gartner.D) Accompany Mr Gartner to the Linate airport.A) About 8:30.B) About 6:30.C) About 5:30.D) About 4:15.A) Mr Gartner from Milan.B) Gianni Riva at Megastar.C) The company s sales representative.D) Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce.A) Travel agent.B) Business manager.C) Secretary.D) Saleswoman.Section BPassage One Questions 16 to 19 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) She had a desire to help others.B) She wanted to find out more about it.C) She needed some overseas experience.D) She was interested in farming.A) Carry out a cultural exchange program.B) Work on an agricultural project.C) Learn Portuguese.D) Teach English.A) She found it difficult to secure a job in her own country.B) She wanted to renew her contact with the Peace Corps.C) She was invited to work as an English teacher.D) She could not get the country out of her mind.A) By teaching additional English classes.B) By writing stories for American newspapers.C) By working part time for the Peace Corps.D) By doing odd jobs for local institutions.Passage Two Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) Time spent exercising.B) Time spent working.C) Time spent on leisure activities.D) Time spent with friends and family.A) Reading.B) Surfing the Web.C) Eating out.D) Watching TV.A) Driving.B) Gardening.C) Going to the pub.D) Visiting friends.Passage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.B) The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.C) McLaughlin was talking to his manager while driving.D) McLaughlin s carelessness resulted in the collision.A) He crashed into a car parked there.B) He knocked down several mailboxes.C) He tore down the company s main gate.D) He did serious damage to a loaded truck.A) He will lose his job.B) He will have to pay damages.C) He will be fined heavily.D) He will receive retraining.Section CWhen Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate __26__, they replied. Because it is right. If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants __27__ skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get __28__ and very uninformative answers: Because it s right. Because that s the way it s done. Because it s the __29__. Or even I don t know. The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are __30__ by social norms-shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms __31__ how people ought to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform(遵守) to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they __32__. In fact, we are much more likely to notice __33__ from norms than conformity to them. You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little __34__ if they bowed, started to stroke you, or kissed you on both __35__ Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way.Part III Reading Comprehension (40minntes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate"s or four-year bachelor"s degree programs. But as the nursing shortage __36__ . a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing fast-track programs that enable college graduates with no nursing __37__ to become registered nurses with only a year or so of __38__ training.In 1991. there were only 40 fast-track curricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia University"s Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of science in nursing in a year. Those who stay on for an __39__ two years can earn a master"s degree that __40__ them as nurse practitioners(执业护士) or clinical nurse specialists.Many students arc recent __41__; others are career switchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbia"s program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical (药物的) research company. At Columbia, he was __42__ as a nurse practitioner. I saw that nurses were in high __43__ and it looked like a really good opportunity, he says. Also. I didn"t want to be in school for that long.The fast-track trend fills a need, but it"s also creating some __44__ between newcomers and veterans. Nurses that are still at the bedside __45__ these kids with suspicion, says Linda Pellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. They wonder, how can they do it quicker? The answer is they don"t.Section BThe rise of the sharing economyA) Last night 40 000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30 000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it 2.5 million of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new sharing economy , in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinated via the internet.B) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast (家庭旅店), owning a timeshare (分时度假房) or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever-and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be divided and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, Relay Rides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters; smartphones with GPS let people sec where the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems handle the billing.What"s mine is yours, for a feeC) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc (临时的) taxi service, car-hire firm or boutique hotel (精品酒店) as and when it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to put it, access trumps (胜过) ownership.D) Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to-peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid (电网). And it is not just individuals: the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other.E) Such collaborative (合作的) consumption is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $9300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $250 a month; some make more than $1000. Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them.F) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons (倔脾气的人) who imagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at conventional hotels. For others, the web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.Peering into the futureG) The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional power sellers (many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.H) Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers. In future, companies may develop hybrid (混合的) models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.I) The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.J) The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet"s value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的) enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.47.Airbnb"s success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.48.The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.49.The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.50.The sharing economy has a promising future.51.Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation, travel, rentals, etc.52.Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.53.The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.54.One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use of.55.Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people"s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they"d eaten but rather by how much food they"d seen in front of them-in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity(差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.Hunger isn"t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal, Brunstrom says. This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body"s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake"s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they"d consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A) How we perceive the food we eat.B) What ingredients the food contains.C) When we eat our meals.D) How fast we eat our meals.57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?A) You would probably be more picky about food.B) You would not feel like eating the same food.C) You would have a good appetite.D) You would not feel so hungry.58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B) Food labels may influence our body"s response to food.C) Hunger levels depend on one"s consumption of calories.D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?A) Trick ourselves into eating less.B) Choose food with fewer calories.C) Concentrate on food while eating.D) Pick dishes of the right size.60. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not. or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. 1 recommend Harvard"s 2011 Pathways to Prosperity report for more attention to the forgotten half (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated(恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene(干预) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61. What kind of education does the author think is ideal?A) It benefits the great majority of the general population.B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.D) It ensures that students" expectations are successfully fulfilled.62. What does the author say is the problem with present high school education?A) Ignoring the needs of those who don"t go to college.B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.63. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?A) People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.64. What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?A) Solid background knowledge in a particular field.B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society.C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.65. What suggestion does the author offer to parents?A) Rethinking the value of higher education.B) Investing wisely in their children"s education.C) Helping their children to bring their talent into full play.D) Avoiding too much intervention in their children"s education.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English．许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道，口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。The Impact of the Internet on LearningThe Internet has exerted great influence on learning, 1. so that an increasing number of individuals value it as a truth that obtaining information is equal to education. However, as the picture warns us, education involves more than simply learning to obtain information.From my perspective, education also includes a ideal thinking and practical skills rather than a mere accumulation of information and knowledge. For one thing, critical thinking is essential to scientific progress, contributing to innovation and technical advances, just as Confucius warned us, Learning without thinking leads to confusion. For another, 2. it is crucial to apply what you have learned to practice and that"s the very reason why exceptional scientists accomplish great achievements in their fields.In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully aware of the essence of education and attach importance to cultivating their character and developing their ability instead of just giving priority to dependence on the Internet. Thus, only by emphasizing innovation can education be completely fulfilled in practice.01-25 DBACB CADBA CBDDC ABDBC ACDBA26. apart and alone 27. instead of 28. Similar 29. custom30. Controlled 31. Define 32. exist 33. Departures34. startled 35. Cheeks36-45 OEKAJ GMCLN46-55 EAICJ HAGEF56-65 ADBCB BDCCDMany people are fond of Chinese cuisine. In China, cooking is regarded not only as a craftsmanship, but also as an art. "Well-prepaied Chinese cuisine is both tasty and good-looking. The culinary skills and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China. However, good Chinese cuisine always shares something in common, that is, the color, aroma, taste and nutrition. As food is vital for one"s health, a good chef is always trying to strike a balance among grain, meat and vegetables. That"s why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.
