2016解放军文职9月黑龙江《综合知识》部分真题及答案-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-09-17 14:26:53一、单项选择题(下列各题的备选答案中，只有一项是最符合题意的，请把这个答案选出。)1.2014年7月7日是 七七事变 ( )周年纪念日。A.80B.77C.78D.792.我国最年轻的地级市是( )。A.克拉玛依市B.白银市C.日喀则市D.三沙市3.2014年第九号台风 威马逊 ，于7月18日15时30分在( )沿海登陆，登陆时中心附近最大风速达60米秒。A.海南文昌B.福建泉州C.浙江舟山D.广西北海
解放军文职招聘考试 2008年考研农学联考植物生理学与生物化学真题参考答案-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
解放军文职招聘考试 2008年考研农学联考植物生理学与生物化学真题参考答案发布时间：2017-06-02 19:45:512008年考研农学联考植物生理学与生物化学真题参考答案植物生理学答案：一、单项选择题1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5 .D6.A 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.A11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.B二、简答题16.答案要点：(1)初始质壁分离细胞的压力势为0，水势等于其渗透势且小于0，放在纯水中，细胞吸水。随着细胞吸水的进行，细胞的体积、水势、渗透势、压力势逐渐增大。(2)达到平衡时，细胞水势等于纯水水势，此时压力势和渗透势绝对值相等，细胞的体积、水势、渗透势、压力势都达到最大。17.答案要点：(1)促进细胞伸长生长。(2)促进维管束分化。(3)促进侧根和不定根发生。(4)维持顶端优势。18.答案要点：(1)韧皮部筛管中同化物以集流的方式运输。(2)推动运输的动力是源和库问的压力势梯度。(3)同化物在源端不断装载，库端不断卸出，产生并维持源库间的压力势梯度。三、实验题19.答案要点：(1)光合作用消耗CO2使密闭生长箱中CO2浓度逐渐降低。一定时间后，CO2浓度下降到某一浓度时，光合作用速率等于呼吸作用速率,O2浓度达到稳态，这个浓度即为CO2补偿点。(2)根据图中两种植物CO2补偿点的数值范围，可以推测A植物是C4植物，通过C4途径同化CO2同化CO2。(3)验证方法①14CO2标记实验：14C首先出现在C4化合物的14C出现在C3化合物中的植物址中的植物是通过C3途径同化CO2的②观察叶片解剖结构：维管束鞘细胞具有叶绿体的植物是通过C3途径同化CO2的.四、分析论述题。20.答案要点：(1)地上部分与地下部分是相互依赖，相互促进的关系;水肥等不足时，地上部分与地下部分表现相互竞争的关系。地上部分与地下部分通过物质和信号的相互交流建立相关性。根系为地上部分提供水分、矿质营养、激素等;地上部分为根系提供光合同化物、激素、维生素等。(2)生产中控制根冠比的方法和原理：①水分控制及其原理.②氮肥控制及其原理。③合理修剪及其原理。21.答案要点：(1)植物通过根、茎、叶形态结构上的适应性变化使自身在干旱逆境下维持正常或接近正常的水分状态。如叶片角质层增厚表皮毛增生，根冠比增大等。(2)在干旱逆境下，植物通过生理方面的适应性变化维持一定程度的生长发育。如植物通过吸收无机离子或合成小分子有机物质，降低细胞渗透势，增加吸水能力;植物通过调节气孔开度维持水分平衡;植物通过提高保护酶活性来清除活性氧，以维持膜的稳定性。生物化学答案：五、单项选择题22.B23.C24.A25.C26.D27.B28.A29.D30.B31.C32.C33.D34.D35.A36.A六、简答题37.答案要点：(1)是生物系统的能量交换中心。(2)参与代谢调节。(3)是合成RNA等物质的原料。(4)是细胞内磷酸基团转移的中间载体。38.答案要点：(1)蛋白质一级结构是指蛋白质多肽链中氨基酸残基的排列顺序。(2)不同物种同源蛋白质一级结构存在差异，亲缘关系越远，其一级结构中氨基酸序列的差异越大;亲缘关系越近，其一级结构中氨基酸序列的差异越小。(3)与功能密切相关的氨基酸残基是不变的，与生物进化相关的氨基酸残基是可变的。39.答案要点：(1)竞争性抑制剂丙二酸的结构与底物琥珀酸结构相似。(2)丙二酸与底物琥珀酸竞争结合琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性中心。(3)丙二酸的抑制作用可以通过增加底物琥珀酸的浓度解除。(4)加入丙二酸后琥珀酸脱氢酶Km增大，而Vmax不变。七、实验题40.答案要点：(1)试剂的作用①EDTA可螯合金属离子，抑制DNA酶的活性。②氯仿一异戊醇混合液使蛋白质变性沉淀，并能去除脂类物质。③95%乙醇可使DNA沉淀。(2)鉴别方法①采用地衣酚试剂检测RNA分子中的核糖。如果反应液呈绿色，说明残留有RNA。②采用紫外吸收法检测A260/A280的比值。如果比值大于1.8，说明残留有RNA。③采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测是否有小分子量的RNA条带存在。八、分析论述题41.答案要点：(1)磷酸二羟丙酮是糖代谢的中间产物， 一磷酸甘油是脂肪代谢的中间产物;因此，磷酸二羟丙酮与 一磷酸甘油之间的转化是联系糖代谢与脂代谢的关键反应。(2)磷酸二羟丙酮有氧氧化产生的乙酰CoA可作为脂肪酸从头合成的原料，同时磷酸二羟丙酮可转化形成 一磷酸甘油，脂肪酸和 一磷酸甘油是合成脂肪的原料。(3)磷酸二羟丙酮经糖异生途径转化为6一磷酸葡萄糖，再经磷酸戊糖途径产生NADPH，该物质是从头合成脂肪酸的还原剂。(4)脂肪分解产生的甘油可转化为磷酸二羟丙酮，可进入糖异生途径产生葡萄糖，也可以进入三羧酸循环彻底氧化分解。42.答案要点：(1)mRNA上三个相邻的核苷酸组成密码子编码一种氨基酸。遗传密码具有简并性。(2)tRNA反密码子环上具有的反密码子，可以按照碱基配对原则反向识别mRNA上的密码子。但这种识别具有 摆动性 。tRNA的结构影响其结合氨基酸的特异性。(3)氨酰tRNA合成酶具有专一性识别氨基酸和能携带该氨基酸tRNA的功能。氨酰tRNA合成酶还具有二次校对功能。
解放军文职招聘考试优先购买权真题1-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-08-21 12:04:521、甲、乙、丙等有一套房屋，其应有部分各为1/3。为提高房屋的价值，甲主张将此房重新翻新，乙表示赞同，但丙反对。下列选项哪一个是正确的?A、因没有经过全体共有人的同意，甲乙不得翻新房屋B、因甲乙的应有部分合计已占份额三分之二以上，故甲乙可以翻新房屋C、甲乙只能在自己的应有部分上翻新房屋D、若甲乙坚持翻新房屋，则需先分割共有房屋答案：B。对房屋的翻新属于对房屋的重大修缮，根据第97条的规定，B正确。2、赵文和周成共同出资购买了一间房并将其出租给郑流，在租赁期间，周成欲转让自己的共有份额，现赵文和郑流 都表示愿意购买，该房屋应当卖给谁？A、在同等条件下由赵文优先购买B、在同等条件下由郑流优先购买C、根据赵文与郑流的实际情况，视双方实际需要程度确定由谁购买D、在同等条件下由周成决定出卖给谁答案：A。赵文的优先购买权源于共有即物权，郑流的优先购买权源于合同即债权，根据物权优于债权的原理，赵文的优先购买权优于郑流的优先购买权。3、甲、乙、丙三人合买了一套机器设备。甲欲以5000元的价格转让自 己的份额。丙表示不要，乙未置可否。3个月后，丁愿意购买该份额，甲、乙接受了丁交付的5000元款项。此时甲父知道此事也欲购买该份额，甲又与其父签订了转让份额协议。这时乙、丙也分别向甲表示，欲购买甲的份额。甲的份额应转让给谁？A、乙与丙 B、乙C、丁 D、甲父答案：C。乙、丙已经放弃了优先购买权的行使，而丁已经交付了价款，合同标的物是对共有标的物的份额，不存在实际交付的问题，所以，可以认为丁在交付的同时已经取得了标的物的份额。4、甲、乙、丙分割按份共有财产，分配比例为 5∶3∶2。甲分得一辆摩托车，估价 5000元，乙分得一台电脑，估价3000元，丙分得一台电冰箱，估价2000元。后来发现，摩托车的发动机在分割前已坏，经重新估价，摩托车价值4000元。丁来找乙要求返还电脑，因为电脑原系甲、乙、丙借用。下列表述正确的有 ( )。A、甲、乙、丙分割共有财产是采用实物分割方式B、甲、乙、丙在分割共有财产后，对原共有财产负权利担保责任或瑕疵担保责任C、乙应返还电脑给丁D、甲、乙、丙之间应按原分配比例对利益受损者进行补偿答案：ABCD。5、甲乙丙三人各出资30000元买了一辆汽车合伙经营运输，甲欲开饭店，想转让自己的份额 。乙出20000元买该份额；丙出25000元买该份额；丁愿出25000元买该份额，甲应将其份额卖给谁？A、乙B、丙C、丁D、丙或丁答案：B。在同等条件下，按份共有人有优先购买权。6、甲、乙、丙商量各出3万元钱买了一辆卡车跑运输。后因甲生病到县城住院治疗，乙、丙 两人就商量把车卖给了丁，卖得价款按三等份给甲留了一份，乙、丙的各自取走。甲回家后得知此事，认为乙、丙未经自己同意无权出卖该车。乙、丙认为应该少数服从多数。对此， 下列说法中正确的有（ ）。A、乙、丙的行为侵犯了甲的所有权B、乙、丙的行为侵犯了甲的优先购买权C、甲可以主张买卖该车的合同无效D、若丁善意取得卡车的所有权，则乙、丙应赔偿给甲造成的损失答案：ABCD。乙、丙未经甲的同意，擅自处分了甲的份额，侵犯了甲的所有权。乙、丙的行为还侵犯了甲的优先购买权。乙、丙未经甲同意而擅自转让共有物卡车，则对于甲不产生法律效力，但对于丁来说，该行为属于效力待定的行为，如果甲事后追认该行为，则该行为有效；如果甲事后不追认该行为，则该行为无效，甲可主张买卖该车的行为无效。但如果丁在取得该动产卡车时是出于善意，可适用善意取得制度，丁获得该车的所有权，此时，甲可要求乙、丙承担侵权的民事责任。7、除另有约定的，下列必须经全体共同共有人同意才可实施的行为是（ ）。A．财产的保存行为B．财产的管理行为C．财产的重大修缮D．财产的转让行为答案：CD。8、甲从美国写信给乙称欲送其8万美金，乙回信表示接受。在乙与丙登记结婚后的第10个 月，乙收到了甲赠与的8万元美金，并特意叮嘱该笔钱只给乙一人，则该笔钱（ ）。A、应属于乙的个人财产B、应属于乙与丙的夫妻共同财产C、属于婚前取得，但归二人共有D、应视甲的意思来决定其所有权的归属答案：A。根据《婚姻法》第17条规定： (四)继承或赠与所得的 财产，但本法第18条第三项规定的除外； 《婚姻法》第18条规定： 有下列情形之一的，为 夫妻一方的财产： (三)遗嘱或赠与合同中确定只归夫或妻一方的财产； 因此，本题中的这笔钱应属于乙的个人财产。9、高某和李某共同出资（高某出资5万元，李某出资8万元）经营一台货车，经营4年后，高某私自将货车以3万元的份格卖给了林 某，并交付货车给林某。李某得知后，找高某讨要货车，遂产生纠纷。高某主张二人对货车的权利义务各按50%分享和分担，李某主张二人共同对货车享有权利和承担义务。双方争执不下，谁也无法拿出证据证明自己的主张 。则下列判断正确的是（ ）。A．应认定为按份共有 B．应认定为共同共有C．双方份额按出资额确定 D．双方各占50%份额答案：AC。10、下列哪些为共同共有关系?A．张、高二人共同购买一门面房，各出资10万元B．小高、小刘结婚后购置住房，小高出资40%、小刘出资60%C．甲、乙共有一辆汽车，口头协议各出资一半，无其他证明，甲否认D．小高在美国的叔叔承诺给小高7000美元，直到小高婚后才兑现，小高之妻主张共有7000美元答案：B。A项为按份共有；B项为夫妻共同财产，属共同共有；C项为按份共有。D项中7000美元属于小高婚前个人财产，是其叔叔对其个人的赠与，因为虽然是在婚后交付，但赠与合同在婚前就已生效，应认定为是对个人的赠与。依《婚姻法》第17条第1款第(4)项、第18条第1款第(3)项之规定，属于小高个人财产。
解放军文职招聘考试 2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题：-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
解放军文职招聘考试 2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题：发布时间：2017-06-14 23:03:162012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题：Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that s not how it used to be .To the men and women who（ 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who（ 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the（ 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up（ 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation （7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article（ 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never （9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac a working class name.The United States has（ 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the willie cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students" indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers" power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes. Tt was only after toddler became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying it is...the rainbow (Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls" innocence[C]cannot explain girls" lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls" lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls" DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children"s psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children"s nature[C]researches into children"s behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids" clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers" terms30.It can be concluded that girls" attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica"sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta preliminarystep inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman"sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents"monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad"s.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.Despitetheappealscourt"sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for connecting the dits ,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying each meeting was packed (line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying to find silver linings (Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here, wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist"s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit, wrote Smiles. what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: It is man, real, living man who does all that. And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding from gender to race to cultural studies were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This brain drain has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use zhang wei instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE 翻译、写作 见后面详解Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 124，25解析暂无Text 2二。解题分析：第26 题：1. 题干分析：By saying it is ... The rainbow (line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _______。2.研读解题：第26题定位点出现在第一段中间，因其前后句都与其有句意联系，故皆为解题区域。前句说：女人已经想不起来自己在少女时代对于粉色的痴迷。引入了出题句。该字面理解为这只是彩虹的一个小小端倪。结合前句、后句，可以知道粉红色没有什么问题，也不仅仅是混淆少女身份的东西。在后又提及了，它是一种连接。[A] should not be the sole representation of girlhoodA 选项解读：不应该被当做是少女时代的单一代表。[B] should not be associated with girls" innocenceB 选项解读：不应该与少女的无知相联系[C] cannot explain girls" lack of imaginationC 选项解读：不能解释少女们对于想象力的缺失。[D] cannot influence girls" lives and interestsD选项解读：不能影响到少女们的生活和兴趣。B、C选项有歧视的倾向，不选、排除。D选项不在解题区域之内。第27 题1.题干分析：According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?段落判断推理题。该题提问，根据第二段，下列有关于色彩的选项中哪一个是正确的。出题点也已经明确为第二段。2.研读解题：[A] Colors are encoded in girls" DNAA 选项解读：色彩被编码进入少女们的基因之中。可理解为，少女天生喜爱颜色。[B] Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsB 选项解读：蓝色过去常常被当做是代表少女们的颜色。[C] Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersC 选项解读：粉红色过去常常白当做是一种表示性别的颜色中的中性色彩。[D] White is preferred by babiesD选项解读：白色更被孩子所喜爱。B选项在文中，有 Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity。 呼应。故可选。C选项，与原文所提及代表力量不符，排除。D选项，与原文中所提及白色是由 boil 造成，不符，排除。故第27题选择：B。第28 题1. 题干分析：The author suggests that our perception of children"s psychological development was much influenced by ________。事实细节题。作者对于我们对于孩子的心理发展的感知主要是受到____的影响。此题定位点较为模糊。有出题词汇 perception 和 psychological development 以及解题核心词汇 influenced 。2.研读解题：由定位点 perception 和 psychological development 以及解题核心词汇 influenced ，定位于第三段第一句， I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. 故句后部分为该题解题重要区域。[A] the marketing of products for childrenA 选项解读：儿童产品的购买。[B] the observation of children"s natureB 选项解读：对于孩子本性的观察。[C] researches into children"s behaviorC 选项解读：对于孩子行为的研究。[D] studies of childhood consumptionD选项解读：对于孩子的消费的研究。定位点于第一句话，但是要注意本句话中所用的是 marketing trends (市场趋势)，故A选项中的所购买的儿童用品，形似但意不同，排除。1.题干分析：We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________。段落推理题。题中提问，我们从第四段得出，百货商场被建议______。直接可以定位于第四段落。同时，也可以使第28题的定位点清楚定位于第二段之后，以及第四段之前，即第三段。2.研读解题：29题定位于第四段落，有关键词 department stores 故 解题区域也大致确定。[A] focuses on infant wear and older kids" clothesA选项解读：关注与婴儿服饰以及更大一些的孩子的服饰。[B] attach equal importance to different gendersB选项，对于不同的性别赋予同样的重视。[C] classify consumers into smaller groupsC选项，细分消费者进入更小的组别。[D] create some common shoppers" termsD选项，创造更多的普通购物者的专有词汇。A 选项 词句有原文支持 create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids" clothes 。但是，对于内容的理解不全面。是一个强干扰项。原文在这一定位范围内没有提及性别问题，故排除B选项。在后句有 Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits。 ，第29题，故选择C选项，为正确答案。1.题干分析：It can be concluded that girl"s attraction to pink seems to be _____。为概括题型。要求概括是什么原因使得女孩们为粉色所吸引_______。定位点为 girl s attraction 和 pink 。此种题型定位较难，因为该种题型多是有多个出题点，概括而成，所以可以在所有题结束后，运用原则进行解题。2.研读解题：[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendencyA 选项解读：很确定的被解释为由她们内在的趋向[B] fully understood by clothing manufacturersB 选项解读：被服装厂商全部理解(掌握)[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenC 选项解读：主要是被受利益所驱使商人所强加的。[D] well interpreted by psychological expertsD选项解读：被心理学专家所很好地解释。文中，少女对于粉色的喜好多次提及，分别为，第一段， yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives ；第二段， Girls" attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it"s not.结合原文，可以排除选项A与选项D。剩下的B与C选项是该题的难点，即到底是为服装商全部了解的结果，还是商人的导向。其实，通读全文，服装商确实出现过，但是，却没有提及服装厂商对于顾客的理解，做一个最简单的推理：如果服装商真的能够完全理解顾客需求，那么就不会有服装的积压现象。故，该选项为绝对选项，不选。所以，第30题答案为C。Text 3故事背景：随着新药品种开发减少，药品的研发资金缩减，药品研究正处于黑暗时期。但有一束光带来了一线希望。 个性化药品 承诺为个人定制药品。基因测试将识别出那些从特制药品中获益的人。从而加强治疗效果；降低浪费水平。个性化药品让制药商、医生和病人均欣喜若狂。这也引发了法律纠纷。我们知道 ，美国与大多数英联邦国家都继承了英国法律的普通法传统。比如，美国法院承袭了 遵循先例 原则，一旦判决成立，案例会被沿袭，重要性由此可见。第二段写事情有了转机，上诉法院推翻了之前的判决，宣判Myrid Genetics 这家生物公司可以保留其识别妇女得数乳腺癌风险的两种基因专利权第三段写基因专利纠纷的原因所在：生物公司致力于个性化药品的研究所带来的积极效应让法院对禁止基因专利犹豫不决。而反对基因专利的人们也有一大堆理由：基因是自然物，没有什么专利可言；基因专利的颁布会抑制创新，而非鼓励；像Myriad公司这样的基因垄断会限制基因实验 反对者众多。第四段写这个案例忽略了一个非常重要的问题：如果某个基因被授予了专利，是否会影响它所在的基因组专利的授予？可能要等最高法院来决定了。第五段写随着BIO组织的发展，其重心可能会转移，BIO不打算大量申请人体DNA分子专利，在这一领域，他们已经申请了绝大部分专利。BIO正在研究基因如何相互作用，这一研究或能用来确定疾病原因或预测药物疗效的相关性。BIO的律师汉斯。萨奥尔解释，这样的专利才是他们真正渴望获得的。不管怎样，这场专利战的结果可能会由与此相关的Mayo Clinic案例裁定，最高法院已经受理。BIO日前召开一系列会议，其中包括招募这场专利案件的首席辩护律师的会议，场场座无虚席。31. C，答案显而易见33. A，答案在第五段第三、四句，文中说的是大范围，包括了选项A，大概念 小概念也是区别正确选项的重要方法之一。34. D， 场场会议都座无虚席，人满为患。这个题颇具难度，选项C干扰性非常强，答题的突破口在于看meeting指什么，我们找到meeting的前一句，说的是招募首席辩护律师的会议，说明律师都渴望加入。为什么律师会有莫大的兴趣，我们根据常识可以想到，这是一场非常轰动的案件，如果赢了，名声躁动，职业前景无限。35.D，这个题比较简单，作者客观叙述，没有个人观点。Text 4二。解题分析：第36 题：1. 题干分析：By saying to find silver linings (Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。通过对于题干的分析，这是一道词组或者说是词义的推理题目。要求考生，通过划线的词组来推断作者的建议。所以这道题的解题区域(相关解释详见同上)不仅包括该段落后续内容，也包含了上一段落的最后几个部分。在此，有一些同学基础很好，能够知道 to find silver linings 在英语中有着一个固定含义，即 寻找一线生机 。于是便开始积极的且急急的去对应答案选项解答题目。故提醒各位考生们：(1)考研阅读的原文是衡量答案的唯一标准！(2)一切与原文形同而意义不同的选项都是纸老虎！3.研读解题：[A]seek subsidies from the governmentA选项解读：从政府寻求补助金。[B]explore reasons for the unemploymentB选项解读：探索失业的理由。 该选项在文中有 Many said that unemployment 中有相同体现，但是与所谓原因没有关系，故排除。[C]make profits from the troubled economyC选项解读：从困窘的经济中得利。该选项看起来有原文呼应： while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others。 但是，研读之下，发现，并没有选项中的 profit 获利 一词，只是说人们有了一些积极的改变。所以不能选择，获利，盈利。故，综合分析只有 [D] look on the bright side of the recession ，解读为：看到衰退中光明的一面。符合原文。选择为正确答案。第37题：1. 题干分析：According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。该题为：段落细节题。注意关键点 made people 。此题与第一题出题区域结合较为紧密，故在解题时，应避免与第一题相同的答案。如果答案相同，则意味着出题重复。这不符合考试大纲对于出题人的基本要求。2.研读解题：[A] realize the national dreamA选项解读：实现了民族的梦想(美国梦)。在文中，有相关的体现在于：awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses，这与选项内容不符合，属于同形不同义，排除。[B]struggle against each otherB选项解读：彼此争斗。这在原文中有：they were more aware of the struggles of others体现，但是这只是说有了一种意识，而不是真的 each other 的与任何人都去 struggle against ，故属于同形不同义，排除。[C]challenge their lifestyleC选项解读：挑战了他们的生活方式。[D]reconsider their lifestyleD选项解读：重新思考他们的时候方式。1. 题干分析：Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____。该题为：事实细节题，关键点在：BF。问的是他的相信。只要找到BF此人，研读其观点，便可解题。2.研读解题：通读原文，BF的主张出现在第三段第二句，一直到该段落内容结束都是其观点：Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrantsA选项解读：加重外来移民的负担。原文中表述如下：Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases即反移民的情绪增加，但是这不是移民的负担，所以与上题的多干扰项一样，属于同形不同义，排除。[B]bring out more evils of human natureB选项解读：使显示出更多的人性的罪恶。通过对 engthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。 的综合，可以确定，此选项为正确选项。[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms，C选项，推动权力和自由的进步 以及 [D]ease conflicts between races and classes，D选项，缓和各个种族与各个阶级之间的冲突 明显与原文 stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms。 以及 does conflict between races and classes 不符合，所以排除。故，答案为B选项。第39题1.题干分析：The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____。可以翻译为：对于TVW的研究建议在衰退中的名牌大学的毕业生倾向于______。关键点在于： TVW 和 elite universities 。需要知道名牌大学生在衰退中的情况。2.研读解题：第39题， TVW 定位在第四段第二句， elite universities 定位在同句，所以该句一直到最后都是解题区域：The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesA选项解读：由于缺少机会而落后于其他人。而 left behind 所在 it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。 这一句是一个明显的强调句型，还原为原句后是：the masses beneath them are left behind. 其中them指代前面的 those with degrees from elite universities 即题干中的名牌大学生。故该句翻译成：在名牌大学之后的大众们被抛在后面。所以，名牌大学生没有因为机会少而落后，故属于同形不同义，排除。[B]catch up quickly with experienced employeesB选项解读：以很快赶上了经验丰富的员工。 原文中有：those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times。其 catch up quickly with 对象是 where they have been ，而非人，所以，排除不选。[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the othersC选项解读：和其他人一样把他们的生活机会看的很暗淡。根据原文，同样可以知道，他们不会如同其他人一样，所以排除。[D]recover more quickly than the othersD选项解读：比其他人回复的更快速。在原文中的 those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。 说明，第一名牌大学生会去到在较好的时代不能去到的高度，其次他们可以超过其他人，所以，答案为，他们恢复的更快。第40题，1. 题干分析：The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。该题是作者观点题。该题可翻译为：作者认为艰难的时光对于社会的影响是______。作者观点态度题可以从全文来解决，也可以找到相关的定位点来解决，故不做过多分析。2.研读解题：[A]certain A选项解读：确定的。[B]positive B选项解读：积极地。[C]trivial C选项解读：琐碎的。[D]destructive D选项解读：毁灭的。所以，答案为A选项，确定的。即作者认为是有影响的，但是影响的最终结果，仍需等待。Part B45.Marx and Engels主张Communist Manifesto共产党宣言，可定位于第五段第二行， And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle。 历史应该是人民大众的故事，他们斗争的记录。因此，正确答案为E。Part C今年英语(二)的翻译部分与前两年一样，都是一篇小短文，由两段组成。从语法方面，较长的句式结构考到四个，并且难度角度讲，比前两年略微偏难一点，其中考到了三个定语从句，非谓语动词做定语和伴随状语，虚拟语气等。而词汇方面，考到了 硅谷 、 人才流失 等专有名词。当发展中国家的人们提起对移民的担忧，他们通常是在担心本国最优秀、最聪明的人前往发达国家的 硅谷 、医院和大学之后本国的前景。英国、加拿大和澳大利亚这样的国家给予了大学毕业生优先的移民政策，试图吸引的就是这些优秀的劳动者。大量调查表明，发展中国家中受过良好教育的人们更倾向于移民。2004年，一项对印度家庭的大规模调查显示，接近40%的印度移民接受过高中以上的教育，而年龄在25岁以上的印度人当中受过高中以上教育的人只有3.3%。 人才流失 一直困扰着落后国家的政策制定者。他们担心这种状况会损害本国的经济发展，使其失去急需的技术人才，而这些人本应当留在国内教书、行医，并创造出新的先进产品让本国的工厂生产制造。These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates。They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make。Section Ⅲ WritingPart ADear Sir or Madam,I am writing to express my disappointment regarding the electronic dictionary that I bought from your on-line store last week, with the invoice number of ED53407.I have to complain about the poor quality of the dictionary. For one thing, the dictionary often automatically turns off at the very moment I am eager to see the word explanations. For another, it seems loose in the conjunction part. The screen part can not be properly settled.Since the problems are unaccepted to me, I would like to get a refund or a new one. Looking forward to your prompt reply。Yours sincerely,Zhang WeiPart BThe table above revealed an overall picture of employment satisfaction. Based upon the data of the table, most people under 40 are unclear or dissatisfied with their job, and 64% of those between 40 to 50, are not satisfied and no one feel satisfied at all. For people over 50, the degree of satisfaction largely exceeds the other groups, amounting to 40%.Such difference may be rooted in the following reasons. First, middle-aged people face more pressure to support the family, both the children and the senior, so that they neglect to enjoy in work. Second, the senior citizens has developed a lot in personality, so they are more prone to see the optimistic aspects of the work. Last, the conclusion that the current society patterns pose more challenges to the middle aged group under 50.To sum up, the senior citizens enjoys more content than the young and middle-aged people under 50.[ 结 束 ]
