军队文职专业技术九级对应_军队文职考试

解放军文职招聘考试2014年6月英语四级听力文本第一套-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

发布时间：2017-06-18 18:53:51Section AA) See a doctor about her strained shoulder.B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.C) Replace the cupboard with a new one.D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.A) At Mary Johnson s.B) At a painter s studio.C) In an exhibition hall.D) Outside an art gallery.A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.B) She does not quite agree with what the man said.C) The man had better talk with the students himself.D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.A) He helped Doris build up the furniture.B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.C) Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.D) He was good at assembling bookshelves.A) He doesn t get on with the others.B) He doesn t feel at ease in the firm.C) He has been taken for a fool.D) He has found a better position.A) They should finish the work as soon as possible.B) He will continue to work in the garden himself.C) He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.D) They can hire a gardener to do the work.A) The man has to get rid of the used furniture.B) The man s apartment is ready for rent.C) The furniture is covered with lots of dust.D) The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.A) The man will give the mechanic a call.B) The woman is waiting for a call.C) The woman is doing some repairs.D) The man knows the mechanic very well.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) She had a job interview to attend.B) She was busy finishing her project.C) She had to attend an important meeting.D) She was in the middle of writing an essay.A) Accompany her roommate to the classroom.B) Hand in her roommate s application form.C) Submit her roommate s assignment.D) Help her roommate with her report.A) Where Dr. Ellis s office is located.B) When Dr. Ellis leaves his office.C) Directions to the classroom building.D) Dr. Ellis s schedule for the afternoon.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) He finds it rather stressful.B) He is thinking of quitting it.C) He can handle it quite well.D) He has to work extra hours.A) The 6:00 one.B) The 6:30 one.C) The 7:00 one.D) The 7:30 one.A) It is an awful waste of time.B) He finds it rather unbearable.C) The time on the train is enjoyable.D) It is something difficult to get used to.A) Reading newspapers.B) Chatting with friends.C) Listening to the daily news.D) Planning the day s work.Passage oneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) Ignore small details while reading.B) Read at least several chapters at one sitting.C) Develop a habit of reading critically.D) Get key information by reading just once or twice.A) Choose one s own system of marking,B) Underline the key words and phrases.C) Make as few marks as possible.D) Highlight details in a red color.A) By reading the textbooks carefully again.B) By reviewing only the marked parts.C) By focusing on the notes in the margins.D) By comparing notes with their classmates.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) The sleep a person needs varies from day to day.B) The amount of sleep for each person is similar.C) One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.D) Everybody needs some sleep for survival.A) It is a made-up story.B) It is beyond cure.C) It is a rare exception.D) It is due to an accident.A) His extraordinary physical condition.B) His mother s injury just before his birth.C) The unique surroundings of his living place.D) The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.B) She learned to write for financial newspapers.C) She developed a strong interest in finance.D) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.A) She made a wise investment in real estate.B) She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit.C) She got 7.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.D) She inherited a big fortune from her father.A) She was extremely mean with her money.B) She was dishonest in business dealings.C) She frequently ill-treated her employees.D) She abused animals including her pet dog.Section CAmong the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are __26__ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. For example, a Colombian who wants someone to __27__ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly __28__. Speakers of English have a similar gesture though the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the __29__ of the Colombian gesture. Again, in Colombia, a speaker of English would have to know that when he __30__ height he must choose between different gestures depending on whether he is __31__ a human being or an animal. If he keeps the palm of the hand __32__ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter; in Colombia this gesture is __33__ for the description of animals. In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand __34__ to the floor. Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also __35__ moments. In both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, oneor more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each question therewill be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Now let s begin with the eight shortconversations.1. W: I can t seem to reach the tea at the back of the cupboard.M: Oh Why don t you use the ladder? You might strain your shoulder.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?2. W: Since it s raining so hard, let s go and see the new exhibits.M: That s a good idea. Mary Johnson is one of my favorite painters.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3. M: I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair evaluation.W: It depends on which student you are talking about.Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: It must have taken you a long time to fix up all these book shelves.M: It wasn t too bad. I got Doris to do some of them.Q: What does the man mean?5. W: Rod, I hear you ll be leaving at the end of this month. Is it true?M: Yeah. I ve been offered a much better position with another firm. I d be a fool to turn it down.Q: Why is the man quitting his job?6. W: I honestly don t want to continue the gardening tomorrow, Tony?M: Neither do I. But I think we should get it over with this weekend.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: You ve already furnished your apartment?M: I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. W: Has the mechanic called the bus repairers?M: Not yet .I ll let you know when he calls.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Now you ll hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Hello. Matt Ellis speaking.W: Hello, Dr. Ellis, my name s Pan Johnson. My roommate, Janet Holmes, wanted me to call you.M: Janet Holmes? Oh, that s right. She s in my Shakespearean English class. Has anything happened to her?W: Nothing, it s just that she submitted a job application yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today. She s afraid she won t be able to attend your class this afternoon though. I m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. Janet said it s due today.M: Certainly, that would be fine. Uh, you can either drop it off at my class or bring it to my office.W: Would it be all right to come by your office around 4:00? I m afraid I can t come any earlier because I have three classes this afternoon.M: Uh, I won t be here when you come. I m supposed to be at a meeting from 3:00 to 6:00, but how about leaving it with my secretary? She usually stays until 5:00.W: Fine, please tell her I ll be there at 4:00. And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is? Janet told me where your class is, but she didn t give me directions to your office.M: Well, I m in Room 302 of the Gregory Building. I ll tell my secretary to put the paper in my mail box, and I ll get it when I return.W: I sure appreciate it. Goodbye, Dr. Ellis.M: Goodbye, Ms. Johnson.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. Why couldn t the woman s roommate attend the Shakespearean English class that afternoon?10. What favor is the woman going to do for her roommate?11. What does the woman want to know at the end of the conversation?Conversation Two:W: How are things going, Roald?M: Not bad, Jane. I m involved in several projects and it s a long working day. But I m used to that so it doesn t bother me too much.W: I heard you have moved to a new house in the suburb. How do you like commuting to London every day? Don t you find it a string?M: It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train. But it s bearable now that I m used to it.W: Don t you think it s an awful waste of time? I couldn t bear to spend three hours sitting in a train every day.M: I used to feel the same as you. But now I quite enjoy it.W: How do you pass the time? Do you bring some work with you to do on the train?M: Ah, that s a good question. In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. On the way home at night, I relax with a good book or chat with friends or even have a game of bridge.W: I suppose you know lots of people on the train now.M: Yes, I bumped into someone I know on the platform every day. Last week I came across a couple of old school friends and we spend the entire journey in the bar.W: It sounds like a good club. You never know. I may join it too.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What does the man say about his job?13. Which train does the man take to work every day?14. How does the man feel about commuting to work every day now?15. How does the man spend his time on the morning train?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneMost American college students need to be efficient readers. This is necessary because full-time students probably have to read several hundred pages every week. They don t have time to read a chapter three or four times. They need to extract as much information as possible from the first or second reading.An extraordinarily important study skill is knowing how to mark a book. Students mark the main ideas and important details with a pen or pencil, yellow or blue or orange. Some students mark new vocabulary in a different color. Most students write questions or short notes in the margins. Marking a book is a useful skill, but it s important to do it right. First, read a chapter with one pen in your hand and others next to you on the desk. Second, read a whole paragraph before you mark anything. Don t mark too much. Usually you will mark about 10% of a passage. Third, decide on your own system for marking. For example, maybe you will mark main ideas in yellow, important details in blue and new words in orange. Maybe you will put question marks in the margin when you don t understand something and before an exam. Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.16. What should American college students do to cope with their heavy reading assignments?17. What suggestion does the speaker give about marking a textbook?18. How should students prepare for an exam according to the speaker?Passage TwoThe thought of having no sleep for 24 hours or more isn t a pleasant one for most people. The amount of sleep that each person needs varies. In general, each of us needs about 8 hours of sleep each day to keep us healthy and happy. Some people, however, can get by with just a few hours of sleep at night.It doesn t matter when or how much a person sleeps. But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception to this. Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a real exception, for supposedly, he never slept!Al Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersy. They hoped to challenge the claim that he never slept. But they were surprised. Though they watched him every hour of the day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. He did not even own a bed. He never needed one.The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen newspapers. His doctors were puzzled by the strange case of permanent sleeplessness. Herpin offered the only clue to his condition. He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he had been born. Herpin died at the age of 94, never, it seems, having slept at all.19. What is taken for granted by most people?20. What do doctors think of Al Herpin s case?21. What could have accounted for Al Herpin s sleeplessness?Passage ThreeHetty Green was a very spoiled, only child. She was born in Massachusetts USA in 1835. Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account. Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. She went to New York and invested on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15 cents. She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world. At 33 she married Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.Hetty s meanness was well-known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all, when her son, Ned, fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours looking for free medical help. In the end Ned lost his leg. When she died in 1916 she left her children 100 million dollars. Her daughter built a hospital with her money.22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?25. What do we learn about Hetty s daughter?Section CDirections: In this section, you will heara passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you shouldlisten carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.Now listen to the passage.Tests may be the most unpopular part ofacademic life. Students hate them because they produce fear and anxiety aboutbeing evaluated, and focus on grades instead of learning for learning s sake.But tests are also valuable. Awell-constructed test identifies what you know and what you still need tolearn. Tests help you see how your performance compares to that of others. Andknowing that you ll be tested on a body of material is certainly likely tomotivate you to learn the material more thoroughly.However, there s another reason you mightdislike tests: You may assume that tests have the power to define your worth asa person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to believe that you vereceived some fundamental information about yourself from the professor, informationthat says you re a failure in some significant way.This is a dangerous andwrong-headed assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn t mean you are abad person or stupid. Or that you ll never do better again, and that your lifeis ruined. If you don t do well on a test, you re the same person you werebefore you took the test no better, no worse. You just did badly on a test.That s it.In short, tests are not a measure of yourvalue as an individual they are a measure only of how well and how much youstudied. Tests are tools; they are indirect and imperfect measures of what weknow.Section A1. B 本题考查计划或者建议。考点在第二个男士的提议。Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. strain: v.表示拉伸，扭伤，strain your shoulder 拉伤肩膀。2. D 本题考查对话场景。通过女士提到的 new exhibits 和男士提到的 favorite painters 可推出：Outside an art gallery.3. B 本题考查语义推断。考点在第二个女士的回应，面对男士的说法，她并没有表示认同，而是婉转表达了质疑。 unfair evaluation 意思是 不公平的评价 。4. C 2014年6月四级听力短对话解析：本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士的话。原文中男士说的 do some of them 指的就是修理书架。5. D 本题考查因果关系。考点在第二个男士所解释的原因。 position 即 职位 ， firm 即 公司 ， turn down 是拒绝的意思，与问题中的 quit 即 放弃，辞职 的意思相同。6. A 本题考查转折关系。考点在第二个男士语义转折之后的内容。选项 中的 finish 同义替换原文中的 get it over ，而 as soon as possible 则改写了 within this weekend .7. D 本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士所说的话，习惯用语 dirt cheap 就是 很便宜，白菜价 的意思。选项D中的 inexpensive 同义改写了 dirt cheap 。8. B 本题考查语义推断。考点要结合女士的提问和男士的回答。 mechanic 指 机械工 ， bus repairers 指 公车修理师 。Conversation One：9. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：前2句都是礼节性问答，第3句开始出现新人物 Janet Holmes , 即考点预警信号。关键信息就是女士接下来的回答： submitted a job application提交工作申请，asked her in for an interview 通知她面试，对应A选项：She had a job interview to attend.10. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：前文刚刚提到 Janet Holmes 所遇到的问题(因面试不能上课交作业)，接着就提到了解决这一问题的方法，关键听取原文中 I m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. 对应选项C：Submit her roommate s assignment。11. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：从四个选项都以特殊疑问词开头的特征可以预判，本题考点是某人的疑问。关键信息是女士在最后所提到的问题： And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is? 对应选项A. Where Dr. Ellis s office is located.Conversation Two：12. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：第一题完全符合 前3句出考点 的套路，考点信息出现在明显的信号词 But 之后： But it s bearable now that I m used to it 。 bearable 表示可以忍受的，be used to 表示为习惯做某事。对应选项C：He can handle it quite well.13. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：本题考查时间细节，所听即所选。关键信息是 It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train 对应选项B：The 6:30 train.14. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：本题考点再次出现在明显信号词But之后： But now I quite enjoy it. 对应选项C：The time on the train is enjoyable15. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：长对话最后一题往往对应整个对话的结尾部分。女士最后问男士在车上如何消磨时光，男士的回答则是考点信息： In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. 对应选项A：Reading newspapers.Section B17. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：从第二段开始，marking skill被反复提到，无疑是重要考点。就做标记的技巧，作者一共提了3个建议，其中 Third, decide on your own system for marking 几乎完整地被选项A照搬下来：Choose one s own system of marking. 根据所听基本即所选原则，答案就是A。18. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：最后一题考察了转折结构，考点信息出现在明显的信号词 Instead 之后： Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time. 对应选项B：By reviewing only the marked parts.19.2014年6月四级听力短文解析：答案出现在明显的信号词 But 之后，即： But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. 对应选项D：Everybody needs some sleep for survival.20. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：答案出现在明显的信号词 But 之后，即： But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a rare exception 对应选项C：It is a rare exception. rare表示稀有的，少见的。23. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：本题略有难度。考点紧跟在上一题考点句之后，即 Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. 对应选项D. She inherited a big fortune from her father.24. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：本题难度较大。错误选项中的细节有较强干扰性，但如果考生对最后一段的整体结构有所把握，并且知道第一句中提到的 meanness 的意思，即：吝啬，小气，就能理解后文内容都属于次要信息，是对meanness的举例说明。对应选项A. She was extremely mean with her money.26. identical27. approach28. back and forth29. opposite30. indicates31. referring to32. parallel to33. reserved34. at a right angle35. embarrassing

解放军文职招聘考试技术进步-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

发布时间：2017-09-03 10:36:15技术进步技术进步技术进步1、教学目的与要求掌握技术进步的类型、技术进步贡献的衡量、技术进步与产业结构变革、技术选择与比较优势、后发优势及就业的关系2、教学重点技术进步类型及其贡献的衡量3、教学难点技术选择与比较优势、后发优势及就业的关系第一节 技术进步一、技术进步的含义指一定量的投入能生产更多的产出，或者一定量的产出只需要更少的投入。技术进步是如何产生的？P1331、需求因素 2、供给因素用图形表示：指等产量曲线的内移！二、技术进步的类型P135-136（1）根据技术进步对资本和劳动等投入要素影响程度的不同，可分为三大类型：劳动节约型（资本使用型） 、资本节约型（劳动使用型）、中性型。（2）技术的内生性与外生性设定，可分为希克斯分类、哈罗德分类、索洛分类。（3）希克斯的技术进步类型一和二三、技术进步的过程P137（一）研究与开发；（二）技术创新；（三）技术扩散四、 技术创新 与 市场结构熊彼特曾经探讨过垄断、竞争与 创新 三者之间的关系，但没有作深入的研究。卡曼（M．Kamien）等根据熊彼特这方面的论述着重研究 市场结构 和 技术创新 的关系，解决什么样的市场结构对技术创新最有利的问题。他们认为，影响技术创新的三个变量是：1．竞争程度。竞争程度引起技术创新的必要性。每个企业只有不断地技术创新，才能凭借其技术、组织管理上的优势在激烈的竟争中处于有利地位，击败对手，保存与发展自己，取得高额利润。因此，竞争越激烈，技术创新的必要性和紧迫性就越大。2．企业规模。企业规模的大小，不仅直接影响着一种技术创新的能力，而且影响所开辟的市场前景的大小。一个企业规模越大，则它在技术上的创新所开辟的市场也就越大。3．垄断力量。垄断程度越高，对市场控制越强，越不易被其他企业模仿，技术创新得到的利益就越能持久。因此，他们得出的答案是：最有利于技术创新的市场结构是介于垄断和完全竞争之间的市场结构，即 中等程度竞争 的市场结构。第二节 技术进步与经济增长 P140一、技术进步促进经济增长一般而言，经济增长有两个途径：一是增加生产要素的投入，二是停靠技术进步，提高全要素生产率。二、技术进步贡献的衡量及其实证分析 P141技术进步贡献可以通过全要素生产率来衡量。1、全要素生产率(TFP ,total factor productivity)：是指所有生产要素的生产效率，即总产出量与全部生产要素结合在一起的投入量之比。其计算一般是以生产函数为基础的。2、总量生产函数的一般形式可表示为：Y=f（K，L）,常用柯布--道格拉斯生产函数表示：（1）不计技术进步： （2）包含技术进步：3、实证分析P143一般步骤：（1）阐述使用的方法和指标；（2）收集数据并进行数据分析；（3）根据数据分析结果进行原因分析；（4）得出结论和对策建议。第三节 技术进步与产业结构变革P146技术进步促进经济增长的最直接、最突出表现：推动产业结构的变革。产业结构变革的结论：在经济发展过程中，三次产业的主导地位是依次转移的。从以第一次产业为主导转向以第二次产业为主导的过程，是实现工业化的过程，是农业经济向工业经济转型的过程；由以第二次产业为主导转向以第三次产业为主导的过程，在本质上则是实现经济知识化、信息化的过程，是由工业经济向知识经济转型的过程。第四节 技术选择、制度创新与技术进步一、技术选择与比较优势1、技术选择的含义 P150二、技术选择与就业 P153三、技术选择与后发优势 P155四、制度创新与技术进步 P1571、激励机制 2、扩散机制 3、风险机制后发优势 表现说1.经验借鉴论。在发展中国家开始其现代化进程时，发达国家的现代化已有200多年的历史了，先行者有丰富的发展经验与教训供后来者借鉴，这样可以少走弯路，缩短在黑暗中探索的时间，使后来者能以较少的代价取得更大的成就。2.科技文化利用说。现代化的后来者可以利用先行者在世界科技革命浪潮中形成的先进科学技术成果，直接加以引进与学习，使经济快速发展，实现经济技术发展阶段上的跨越性发展。同时，后来者可以有目的，有选择地学习西方先进文化，以形成文化融合杂交的优势，促进现代化的发展。3.后发国家联合说。随着世界整体发展与互相依存趋势的显著化，后发国家在国际上的地位有所改善，它们可以通过联合以抵制发达国家损人利己政策。4.产业转移说。后发国家可以利用发达国家产业结构的调整与升级机会，在发达国家的帮助下，直接实现产业结构的合理化，使后来者顺利地实现现代化。5.外资利用说。由于发达国家拥有大量的资金，后发国家可以依靠引进外资以解决本国现代化起步阶段的资本积累严重不足的问题，从而实现借鸡生蛋的目的。6.榜样激励说。由于发达国家的现代化成就十分显著，这对后来者克服重重阻力激发追赶的念头与信心，进行有效的社会动员与整合，产生了强大的推动力，非常有利于后来者的现代化进程。后发劣势（Curse To The Late Comer）美国经济学家沃森首先提出这个概念。落后国家由于发展较晚，所以有很多东西可以模仿发达国家。模仿的形式有两种：（1）制度模仿；（2）技术及工业化模式模仿。由于是后发国家，所以可以在没有任何基础制度的情况下通过技术模仿实现快速发展。但是，从长期看，由于模仿制度的滞后，必然导致长期发展的失败

2020中国人民解放军文职人员招聘考试药学知识:生物技术药物的特点-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

2020中国人民解放军文职人员招聘考试药学知识:生物技术药物的特点发布时间：2020-02-26 15:30:01生物技术药物的特点分子质量大且结构复杂生物技术来源药物的生产方式，是应用基因修饰活的生物体产生的蛋白或多肽类的产物，或是依据靶基因化学合成互补的寡核苷酸，所获产品往往分子质量较大，并具有复杂的分子结构。种属特异性生物技术药物存在着种属特异性。许多生物技术药物的药理学活性与动物种属及组织特异性有关，主要是药物自身以及药物作用受体和代谢酶的基因序列存在着动物种属的差异。来源人类基因编码的蛋白质和多肽类药物，其中有的与动物的相应蛋白质或多肽的同源性有很大差别，因此对一些动物不敏感，甚至无药理学活性。安全性较高生物技术药物由于是人类天然存在的蛋白质或多肽，量微而活性强，用量极少就会产生显著的效应，相对来说它的副作用较小、毒性较低、安全性较高。