解放军文职招聘考试重要理论观点-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间:2017-09-26 15:18:33重要理论观点(一)计算机用于企业管理经历了以下3个阶段1、单项数据处理阶段这是计算机用于管理的初级阶段,主要是模仿手工管理,用于工资计算、统计报表等部分事务工作。原始数据的收集还保留手工方式,计算机只是局部代替了管理人员的手工劳动,使部分管理工作的效率有所提高。这一阶段管理工作的性质没有改变,计算机的效率未能充分发挥。2、数据的综合处理阶段这个阶段的第一个特点是开始应用计算机控制某个管理子系统,并有一定的反馈功能。例如,在库存管理子系统中,计算机不仅要统计仓库日常的收发料量,而且要安排采购订货计划,保证库存物品既能满足需要,又不会因缺货而导致损失,作到尽量少占用资金。这样计算机要计算最经济订货批量,制定各项物资的储备定额,确定库存的上下限,当实际库存量超过上下限时计算机能自动报警。这个阶段的第二个特点是从单机 单用户发展到计算机网络。在网络上汇集、交换信息,通过交互处理方式使一台大型计算机可以为多个终端用户服务。这个阶段的第三个特点是使用实时处理方法。把输入数据从发生地点直接向计算机输入,经处理后得出的输出 数据又直接传送给使用场所。这是提高管理的实效创造了十分有利的条件并推动了管理向实时性、集中化发展。3、数据的系统处理阶段这一阶段的特点是在管理中全面使用计算机。企业的各项管理业务都由计算机进行系统的处理,企业的主要信息都存储在数据库内,供各级决策者使用。在大型企业内建立多级计算机网络系统,即多级 多用户网络,在更大的范围内实现计算机资源和信息资源的共享,构成一个管理信息系统。(二)计算机应用于企业管理具有3个不同层次1、上层管理(战略规划)它是通过建立在数据库中的企业管理信息并结合现代管理方法,对重大战略问题决策。所涉及的时间范围是长期的,其决策项目涉及企业的经营目标、方针、政策等长远规划的决策。2、中层管理(管理控制)这一层主要是按照已定的战略方针进行具体的计划和组织。例如,编制年度的生产计划和供应计划:平衡人力、设备、资金、材料等资源条件,以求得较好的经济效益;组织企业内外各部门协作;掌握各部门的动态,通过分析比较做出指示等。管理信息系统主要是完成这一层的工作。3、基层管理(作业管理,运行控制)计算机辅助企业管理大多数是由这一层开始的。这部分工作量大面广,专门用来处理经常性事务,完成大量重复处理的业务工作。例如,账目结算、编制统计报表、管理订货合同、仓库货物管理、人事档案建立和检索等。它是构成战略规则和管理控制的基础。完成这一层任务的系统也称为电子数字处理系统。四、理论评析计算机应用于企业管理已经取得了明显的经济效果。首先,由于提供了完整、准确的信息,提高了管理工作的效率和决策水平,使经济效益不断提高。此外,计算机应用于企业管理还可得到一系列的间接经济效果,如使管理体制合理化,管理方法有效化,基础数据科学化等,这些都会给企业带来难以估量的价值,会在更高的水平上推动企业管理的全面进步。
解放军文职招聘考试The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
解放军文职招聘考试The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半发布时间:2017-12-20 22:12:37The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半The 50-Percent Theory of LifeI believe in the 50-percent theory. Half the time things are better than normal; the other half, they re worse. I believe life is a pendulum swing. It takes time and experience to understand what normal is, and that gives me the perspective to deal with the surprises of the future.Let s benchmark the parameters: yes, I will die. I ve dealt with the deaths of both parents, a best friend, a beloved boss and cherished pets. Some of these deaths have been violent, before my eyes, or slow and agonizing. Bad stuff, and it belongs at the bottom of the scale.Then there are those high points: romance and marriage to the right person; having a child and doing those Dad things like coaching my son s baseball team, paddling around the creek in the boat while he s swimming with the dogs, discovering his compassion so deep it manifests even in his kindness to snails, his imagination so vivid he builds a spaceship from a scattered pile of Legos.But there is a vast meadow of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flip-flop acrobatically. This is what convinces me to believe in the 50-percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland so flood-prone that neighbors laughed. I felt chagrined at the wasted effort. Summer turned brutal---the worst heat wave and drought in my lifetime. The air-conditioned died; the well went dry; the marriage ended; the job lost; the money gone. I was living lyrics from a country tune---music I loathed. Only a surging Kansas City Royals team buoyed my spirits.Looking back on that horrible summer, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely offset the bad. Worse than normal wouldn t last long. I am owed and savor the halcyon times. The reinvigorate me for the next nasty surprise and offer assurance that can thrive. The 50-percent theory even helps me see hope beyond my Royals recent slump, a field of struggling rookies sown so that some year soon we can reap an October harvest.For that on blistering summer, the ground moisture was just right, planting early allowed pollination before heat withered the tops, and the lack of rain spared the standing corn from floods. That winter my crib overflowed with corn---fat, healthy three-to-a-stalk ears filled with kernels from heel to tip---while my neighbors fields yielded only brown, empty husks.Although plantings past may have fallen below the 50-percent expectation, and they probably will again in the future, I am still sustained by the crop that flourishes during the drought.