军队文职助理翻译专业技术资格_军队文职考试

解放军文职招聘考试实用日本语(050221)专业(独立本科段) 日汉实用翻译考试大纲-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

解放军文职招聘考试实用日本语(050221)专业(独立本科段) 日汉实用翻译考试大纲发布时间：2017-05-21 10:17:01黑 龙 江 省 高 等 教 育 自 学 考 试实用日本语(050221)专业(独立本科段)日汉实用翻译考试大纲课程代码（3422）黑龙江省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室编印二○○九年四月Ⅰ．课程性质和学习目的Ⅱ．课程内容与考核目标理论部分第一课 绪论-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1实践部分 第一单元 汉日语言特点第二课 日汉语主要不同---------------------------------------------------19第二单元 词汇翻译方法与技巧第三课 要十分重视汉字词-------------------------------------------------34第四课 增词、减词、引申-------------------------------------------------48第五课 转换词语、正反表达-----------------------------------------------64第六课 拟声词、拟态词的翻译---------------------------------------------78第七课 外来语的翻译-----------------------------------------------------95第八课 人称代词与指示词的翻译-------------------------------------------107第九课 形式名词的翻译---------------------------------------------------124第十课 成语、谚语的翻译-------------------------------------------------142第十一课 习惯语的翻译-----------------------------------------------------153第三单元 语句翻译方法第十二课 使役句的翻译 ---------------------------------------------------164第十三课 被动句的翻译----------------------------------------------------183第十四课 长句的翻译 -----------------------------------------------------199第十五课 敬语的翻译 -----------------------------------------------------216第四单元 不同题材和体裁翻译第十七课 新闻报道的翻译 -------------------------------------------------255第十八课 议论文的翻译----------------------------------------------------269第十九课 文学作品的翻译--------------------------------------------------287Ⅲ．有关说明与实施要求附录：题型举例Ⅰ．课程性质和学习目的日汉实用翻译是全国高等教育自学考试实用日本语专业本科段的一门必考课程。日汉实用翻译包括日译汉和汉译日，是一门实践性很强的课程。本课程除简单介绍中外翻译理论知识外，主要是通过对照阅读，引导应考者研究日汉两种语言的差异，找出日汉互译的规律，用以指导实践。本课程与实用日本语专业其他课程相辅相成。它作为一门实践课，有赖于实用日本语专业其它课程为应考者打下良好的日语基础，使应考者掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，初步达到阅读日文原著的水平，并有一定的写作能力，因而具备从事日汉翻译的条件。另一方面，通过大量的翻译实践和语言对比研究，应考者可以进一步认识日汉两种语言各自的特点。例如语序不同，词尾变化不同，敬谦表达方式不同等等。这是本课程的重点。但是在翻译时，往往因受原文的影响，而容易忽略在译文中体现上述这些特点。这也是本课程难学之处。但是要通过学习本课程，了解日汉两种语言的各自特点，并能在翻译实践中恰当地加以运用，定会提高使用两种语言的能力和翻译水平。这对于应考者打好日语基础，学好实用日本语专业其它课程也是有益的。Ⅱ．课程内容与考核目标《理论部分》第一课 绪论一、课程内容：主要对下列典籍、中外翻译家及其论述作简要介绍：1．《礼记 王制》远古时代的翻译活动2．支谦 （三国时期）对翻译佛经的贡献翻译倾向：直译3．道安（313～385）对翻译佛经的贡献翻译倾向：力主矜慎4．鸠摩罗什（344～413）对翻译佛经的贡献翻译倾向：意译5．玄奘（602～664）对翻译佛经的贡献翻译倾向：新译6．严复（1853～1921）《天演论》及其译作翻译标准：信、达、雅7．林纾（1853～1921）《巴黎茶花女遗事》及其他译作在中国文学发展史上的作用钱钟书对林译的评论钱钟书关于文学翻译的主张： 文学翻译的最高标准是 化8．鲁迅（1881～1936）译作概述对翻译工作的态度主张： 宁信而不顺 ， 凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保持原作丰姿9．瞿秋白（1899～1935）与鲁迅关于翻译的通信10．郭沫若（1892～1978）关于翻译理论的论述主张：翻译工作者必须要有高度的责任感11．矛盾（1896～1981）主张直译，同时提倡保留神韵1954年关于文学翻译的论述12．傅雷（1908～1966）对翻译工作的态度主张：重神似不重形似13．奈达（Dr.Translation）与金隄合著《论翻译》二、考核要求：上述名家关于翻译的主要论点第一单元 汉日语言特点第二课 日汉语主要不同点一、课程内容：１．语系不同２．语序不同３．决定词汇在句子中的地位、作用的方式不同４．词尾变化不同５．表达敬谦的方式不同６．思维形象、比喻习惯不同７．标点符号不同二、考核要求：具体掌握日汉语言在语言学上的差异第二单元 词汇翻译方法与技巧第三课 要十分重视汉字词一、课程内容：１．日语汉字词同汉语简单比较２．误译例辨析二、考核要求１．掌握汉日词汇结构的各自特点２．掌握翻译汉字词的方法第四课 增词、减词、引申一、课程内容１．增词：增译人称代词；增译数量词；增译指量词；增译日语表达中的合理省略；日语并列句中的双主语共用一个谓语时增译谓语。２．减词：减译名词；减译指示词、形式名词；减译动词；减译连词。３．引申：解释性引申；抽象性引申。４．翻译方法：增词不是画蛇添足；减词不是削足适履；引申不是无根据的异想天开。二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：对日、汉语不同表达方式的增译、减译和引申。第五课 转换词语、正反表达一、课程内容1．转换词语：日语中带动词性质的名词以及有这类名词构成的复合动词汉译时往往译成动词或动宾词组；形容词、形容动词有时也转换为动词；日语的状语有时译成汉语的补语。２．正反表达：日语正面表达，汉语反面表达；日语反面表达，汉语正面表达；否定句译成肯定句。３．翻译方法：吃透原文，捕捉真意，选择合适汉语表达，做到 词变意不变，形反意不反 。二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．转换词语２．正反表达第六课 拟声词、拟态词的翻译一、课程内容１．日、汉语拟声词、拟态词比较：日语拟声拟态词多的原因；日语拟声拟态词的构词特点；汉语拟声拟态词的特点。２．汉译方法：准确理解原意；不译、意译都要以不损原意为原则；译词要符合汉语表达；翻译形式灵活掌握。二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：准确翻译拟声拟态词第七课 外来语的翻译一、课程内容１．日语外来语的特点：数量多使用范围广；构造手段灵活；２．翻译方法：音译与意译相结合。二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．所选外来语词汇的特点与翻译难度２．人名，公司名的翻译３．一些科技用语的翻译第八课 人称代词与指示词的翻译一、课程内容１．人称代词的增加：敬语；寒暄语；授受关系动词、补助动词做谓语的句子；以感觉、思维类动词做谓语的略主句；以感情形容词做谓语的句子；表示希望、意志、命令的句子；对话中晚辈自己称呼自己的名字和长辈称呼晚辈的名字；对话中的职务。３．指示代词翻译方法：译成指示代词；译成其他具体意义；略去不译；增译指示代词。二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．所选人称代词和指示词汇的翻译特点与翻译难度２．句子中的人称代词和指示代词翻译第九课 形式名词的翻译一、课程内容１．日语形式名词的语法特点与种类：狭义形式名词与广义形式名词。２．基本翻译方法：译出具体意义；不译具体意义３．「こと」的惯用型及翻译：４．「のだ」的意义及翻译：５．广义形式名词的基本意义二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．掌握日语形式名词的语法作用以及与汉语词汇的关系第十课 成语、谚语的翻译一、课程内容１．日语成语的构成特点：汉语成语；日语固有成语２．日语谚语的构成：来自汉语的谚语；日语固有谚语３．基本翻译方法：尽量转译成意义相似的汉语谚语、歇后语、成语；不能转译成汉语谚语、歇后语、成语的译文也要做到通俗易懂，符合汉语表达习惯。二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．选择适当难度的成语、谚语２．对于不能直接译成对应成语谚语的语句做适当的翻译３．本课中出现的成语、谚语第十一课 习惯语的翻译一、课程内容１．习惯语的特点：２．习惯语同谚语、成语的区别３．习惯语的语法功能４．习惯语的翻译方法：译成汉语四字结构；译词要生动形象；在语境中选择译词；二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．选择有适当难度的习惯语２．本课中出现的习惯语第三单元 语句翻译方法第十二课 使役句的翻译一、课程内容１．使役句的构成２．使役句所表示的集中意义及翻译３．非使役句译成使令句的几种情况４．翻译方法：要译出原来的使役含义；要因汉语之宜。二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．正确翻译使役句。２．把非使役句译成使令句的翻译技巧第十三课 被动句的翻译一、课程内容１．日、汉语被动句的比较２．各类被动句的翻译：一般被动句；使役被动句；表示委婉断定的被动句；被动式习惯语；二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：２．所选择句子的语法难度和词汇难度第十四课 长句的翻译一、课程内容１．长句分析方法：以谓为纲，辨清主谓；从后向前，由宾及状；定语归属；认清莫惘；层层剖析，干肢明朗。２．复句的拆译：并列、转折、因果、递进等复杂关系的长句翻译方法３．长定语句的翻译：先译修饰语；先译被修饰语；时间、地点优先。４．长状语句的翻译：先译被修饰的谓语（以感觉、思维、言语动词为谓语的句子）二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．准确分析长句的修饰与被修饰关系。２．正确把握长句的句子成分３．拆译方法第十五课 敬语的翻译一、课程内容１．日语敬语体系简说：尊敬语；谦逊语；礼貌语２．日语敬语的表现形式：尊敬语；谦逊语；礼貌语３．日语敬语的翻译：译成汉语固定表达形式；将动作、行为上的敬语转化为主体上的敬语；灵活运用汉语修辞手段４．应用文的翻译：邀请函；贺年信；唁函；商用函；便条；书信二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．恰当运用敬语翻译应用文２．准确运用敬语翻译语句第四单元 不同题材和体裁翻译一、课程内容１．准确翻译术语：２．要注意概念统一：３．要译好标题：含有「の」的标题；含有复合词的标题；以形式用言作定语的标题；以形式体言结句的标题；不完整的标题二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：２．抽象名词３．增词与减词第十七课 新闻报道的翻译一、课程内容１．消息的构成：标题、导语、主体２．习惯用语的翻译：电头；表示消息来源的词；几种常见句型３．语言表达上的要求：词语要通俗；意义要明确；句子要简单二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．所选新闻报道的特点及理解方面的难点２．电头、标题的翻译３．常见句式第十八课 议论文的翻译一、课程内容１．准确理解原作的思想观点：２．准确把握原作的逻辑、概念３．准确译出原作的语言特色二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．所选议论文的特点及理解方面的难度２．语言逻辑性第十九课 文学作品的翻译一、课程内容１．了解作品的背景２．熟悉作者的风格３．再现原作的形象４．诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧二、考核要求翻译中有处理下列问题的能力：１．所选文学作平的特点及理解方面的难点２．选词Ⅲ．有关说明与实施要求一、两点说明1．关于分专题与打基础的关系2．翻译能力提高是一个逐渐积累的过程每课中提出若干翻译的方法，通过译例练习简单加以说明。但是问题往往比较复杂，用几个例子是说不完全的。因此，可以说文末的结语只是开了一个头，提出问题，引起应考者注意，并没有完全解决问题。应考者需要在学习过程中要继续研究在已学课次中提出的要点，并在翻译时间中加以检验，才能对这些要点有较全面的认识，并能较好地掌握和运用。二、关于教材与主要参考书1．教材：《新编日译汉教程》（第二版）陈岩编著，大连理工大学出版社，2000年2月2版2．参考书：（1）《实用日汉对译技巧》 刘继生编著 湖南出版社 1997（2）《日汉翻译教程》（入门篇）蔡振生主编 北京语言文化大学出版社 1997（3）《日汉翻译教程》 （实践篇）蔡振生主编 北京语言文化大学出版社 1997（4）《同声传译》 彭晓利 周殿清编著 大连理工大学出版社 1994（5）《现代日语翻译技巧》 曹云章 靳怀鹏编著 海洋出版社 1893（6）《日汉互译教程》 高宁 编著 南开大学出版社 1995、4（7）《科技日语翻译理论与实践》 靖立青编著 商务印刷馆 1982、4（8）《简明日汉翻译教程》 罗兴典 主编 上海译文出版社 1985、9三、学习方法1．认真学习对照阅读教材。首先要通读原文，抓住全篇大意，然后对照译例仔细理解日汉两种语言在词汇和句子结构方面的差异，以便得到启发，作好练习。2．亲自动手作练习。这是重要的实践环节。要严格按照翻译的4环节着手练习。首先参照每课的说明讲解，阅读翻译练习的原文，力求透彻理解全篇内容。第二，借助字典做翻译练习，翻译时要考虑翻译的原则和方法，注意力要尽量集中在句子的中体和句子之间的联系，使语气连贯，译文流畅。第三，核对原文与译文，检查疏漏以及误译，并加以改正。第四，抛开原文读译文，边读边改，使译文更符合汉语表达习惯。3．参看书上提供的译文解说。首先要注意自己的疑问内容是否确切。第二，把自己的译文与书上的译文做比较，检查自己在选词造句方面的差距。第三，通过比较对照，细细体会两种语言的特点，探索翻译的方法。4．把汉译日和日译汉结合起来，不断提高外语水平和汉语表达水平，要把日文原作看作是汉译日的范文；把汉语原文看作是日译汉的范文。通过这样学习可以使自己的汉语和日语水平不断提高。5．注意防止两种倾向：一种是过于机械。应考者往往以为忠实于原文就是逐字逐句的对应。其实忠实指的是内容不走样，至于怎样选词，怎样安排句子，要根据译文语言的特点来定，不要过多受原文的限制。另一种倾向是过于自由。有的应考者自恃文字水平高，脱离原文内容擅自发挥，这也是不可取的做法。6．向名家学习。本课程重点介绍一些中外翻译家的论述，他们根据实践作出的论断至今仍在指导着各种翻译实践活动。应考者应对他们的事迹有所了解，努力以他们的有关论述来指导自己的翻译实践。四、社会助学社会助学是高等教育自学考试的必备条件，要切实抓好。翻译是一门实践性很强的课程，应考者需做大量的练习，教师的辅导是重要的一环。应考者作了作业，能有教师批改，加以指点，这样的机会是很宝贵的。社会助学单位和辅导教师应注意以下几项要求：1．把握社会助学的正确导向。社会助学单位和辅导教师应根据自学考试大纲规定的考试内容和考试目标，认真研究制定教材，明确本课程的特点、学习范围和学习要求，对应考者进切合需要的辅导，并从学习方法上给以指导。特别要注意引导他们全面系统地掌握课程内容，不搞猜题押题，防止把 助学 变成 助考 。2．正确的处理一般和重点的关系。翻译实践涉及的问题是多方面的，但能够重点讨论的问题是有限的。一般和重点是密切联系的，不可分离的，不掌握全面就不可能深入重点，而且考试的内容是覆盖全部课程的。因此，社会助学单位和辅导教师都应指导应考者全面系统的学习教材，在此基础上再对重点问题深入研究。要引导应考者把全面的理解和重点深入探讨结合起来，切忌孤立的抓重点。3．鼓励应考者独立完成作业，按照前面 学习方法 一节所提要求，尽自己最大的努力，在这之前，不要去看辅导教材提供的译文，更不要抄袭该译文。要向应考者讲清楚，翻译的灵活性是很大的，书里提供的译文不是唯一答案，应考者要充分发挥自己的能力，从现有的实际水平扎扎实实地逐步提高．4．帮助应考者提高日语水平和汉语水平．应考者做练习出现的问题往往不是翻译的问题，而是语言水平的问题．比如日译汉时原文的一些地方看不懂，汉语表达的又不通顺，汉译日时用词不当，或句子不妥，都属于语言水平的问题。辅导教师都要给予指点，帮助解决。5．引导考生总结规律。辅导教师要引导应考者总结自己的经验，找出自己的弱点，有的可能正是书里着重谈的问题，有的可能不是书里着重谈的问题。找出弱点便可以加以克服。另一方面辅导教师可以知指导应考者自觉地总结翻译规律。每课后面的练习基本上都是针对本课内容的译例，有时也与后面学习的知识相关，但是很少有人把它们联系起来学习。如果辅导教师看到好的例子认为可以补充到前面或后面去，就可以要求应考者记录下来，做卡片，这对把知识系统化很有帮助。让应考者亲自动手总结规律，或者充实书中讨论的论点，可以给他们留下深刻的印象，也可以更好地指导他们的翻译实践。语言对比得出的结论能够最直接地指导翻译实践，值得好好研究。6．引导应考者学习运用翻译理论。这首先要解决应考者的一个认识问题。有些应考者可能认为翻译理论太深奥，是理论家研究的东西，对学习者来说没有用，其实不然。本课程所介绍的翻译理论是中外名家关于翻译的论述。他们所说的道理言简意赅，是他们总结了自己的丰富经验之后发出的至理名言。如果认为它没有用而不努力学习运用，自然就不会发挥作用。其实他们说的道理来源于实践，指导实践，要鼓励应考者向译界前辈们学习，刻苦从业、精益求精地从事翻译研究。7．帮助应考者树立良好的学风。一篇译文最能体现一个人的学风。有的人始终改不了小学生的习惯，写东西边上不留空白，笔误连篇，假名潦草难分辨，自动词他动词使用错误，数字日期弄错，丢字漏字，标点符号混乱，等等。这些问题严格来说不是翻译问题，似乎可以不必大惊小怪，但是一篇译文如果存在这类问题便算不上一篇好的译文。如果说翻译课最容易暴露应考者在这方面的弱点，那么翻译课也为改正马虎提供了一个最好的机会。可以帮助应考者树立严谨的学风。五、关于命题考试的若干规定1．考试时间为2.5小时，闭卷，笔试。不得查词典等工具书和参考书。2．全面考核。考题应涵盖日译汉、汉译日、日汉语言对比、翻译理论等四个方面。3．各类考题所占比例：词语和单句翻译（包括日译汉、汉译日）占60-70%；段落翻译（包括日译汉、汉译日）占20-30%；日汉语言对比和翻译理论约占10%。4．关于日汉语言对比和翻译理论的考题，不超出《新编日译汉翻译教程》的范围。5．关于日译汉、汉译日，出自《新编日译汉翻译教程》范围之内的考题不少于50%。6．难易度比例：易、较易、较难、难大约为2：3：3：2。7．试卷中凡是超出《自学日语专业词汇表》的词汇，如果影响理解的均予以注释。8．主要题型：词语翻译、改错题、填空题、选择题、段落翻译。附录：题型举例Ⅰ. 词语翻译1．将下列词语译成汉语1）機嫌2）ざらざら3）サングラス4）申し上げる5）落花流水２．将下列词语译成日语1）日新月异2）金盆洗手3）蛋黄酱4）猫的叫声5）十字路口Ⅱ.改错题1．下列单句译文有错误，请加以改正。１）国際的な港町大連は女性も垢抜けしていて、花とその美を競うかのようにいま、あでやかに装い始めている。译文：国际港口城市的大连，也像这里的女性一样时髦。现在，就像与花比美一样，正娇艳地装扮着自己。２）今度入閣の外務大臣は三振りもなければ、ホームランも打たない。译文：这次入阁的外交大臣，即不会挥三次球杆，也不会打本垒打３）阿久正は若年とはいえ、その伝承者の一人である。译文：阿久正从少年时候起，就是一个口头文学的传播者。４）大丈夫か。一緒に行こう。译文：很结实吧。我们一起去吧。２．下列单句译文有缺点，请加以改进。１）私たちの周囲には、ちょっと考えると不思議に思われることがずいぶんたくさんある。译文：在我们周围，有很多是稍微想一想就会觉得挺怪的。２）足が棒になるほど古本屋を歩いたが、ほしい本が見つからなかった。译文：腿像棒子一样的跑遍了旧书店，也没有发现想买的书。３）車は知らず知らずのうちに足、腰を弱らせる。译文：车会让不知不觉地减弱腰、腿。４）かわいそうに。小さい公園でも作ってもらえばいいのに。译文：真可怜！要是给我们修一个小公园就好了。1）予備校の先生の体験談。授業中、一番前の席で机に足を上げている学生がいる。「なんでそんな事をするのか」と叱った。「どうしていけないんですか」と問い返してきたそうだ。译文：高考补习学校一位老师的亲身经历。上课时，有坐在第一排的一名学生把脚放在课桌上，他骂学生： 你为什么要这样做？ 学生却说： 我为什么不能这样做？2）もちろん例外である。にしても、ひと昔前はこうした場面はまず、なかった。マナーの低下は著しいという。十八歳の若者十人のうち五人は大学進学を志望し、四人が現実に入学する。大学がますます大衆化した、そんな時代だから現れた光景かもしれない。足を上げた学生も合格した。译文：当然，这是一个特例。不过在10 年前大概不会有这种场面。这个学生太不懂礼貌。10名18岁的年轻人中有5个人希望上大学，其中有4名考上了。大学逐渐变成大众化了，也许是处在这样的时代才会有的现象。抬脚的学生也合格了。3）大学審議会が二十一世紀の大学像、改革策をまとめた。その中に、卒業を厳しくする「出にくい大学」の実現という項目がある。译文：大学审议会归纳了二十一世纪的大学形象、改革方案，其中有要实现 毕业难的大学 。4）日本の大学はずっと、「入りにくく出やすい」といわれてきた。それでは学生の質が落ちる。しっかり鍛えて有用な人材に育てよう。と、それが狙いのようだ。译文：日本的大学一直是 入学难毕业容易 ，因此学生的质量下降。目的就是要对学生加强训练，使之成为有用的人才。5）けれどもこの項目、答申前から現場の大学の先生の間で、必ずしも評判はよくない。むろん賛成者もいるが、批判的な声のほうがより聞こえてくる。译文：然而，这个项目在接到反馈信息之前，在教学一线的大学教师中间的反响必定不好。当然也有人赞成，但是，批判的呼声比赞成的要高得多。6）卒業できず留年する学生が増えれば、教室は不足するし、先生も手が足りなくなる。定員を大幅に超過し、動きが取れなくなる。つまり、現実的でないというのである。译文：如果不能毕业的留级学生增加，不仅会造成教室紧缺，教师也会短缺。若学生编制定额大幅度增加，就无法正常。也就是说不是现实的。7）「やっとのことで入学した学生も少なくない。できない学生ばかり大学に残ったらどうなると思いますか」。言いにくいことだがと、そう打ち明ける先生もいた。译文：还有的教师讲出心里话； 好不容易才考入大学的学生也为数不少，成绩不佳的学生如果全留在学校里，那该怎么办呢？ 虽然这种话难以启齿。8）私立大生五千七百人に「講義について望むこと」を尋ねたところ、「わかりやすく教えて欲しい」との回答が八割を占めた。講義についていけない学生も多いのだ。译文：曾经向5700名私立大学的学生作了一次 对讲义的期待？ 。回答 希望讲得容易一些 的学生占80%。许多学生跟不上课程。9）三十数年前、「出にくい大学」をめざした私立大があった。三年立たずに頓挫した。卒業できないのではないか、就職に不利ではないか、と学生の動揺が激しかったという。译文：30多年以前，有的私立大学想成为 毕业难的大学 ，但是，不到三年就受到了挫折。无法毕业，对于找工作不利，学生们受到了很大的动摇。10）あれこれ聞くと、審議会のもくろみ通りに運ぶのかどうか、どうも心もとない。译文：一听这些话，我实在担心审议会是否能顺利运营。Ⅲ.填空题根据下列单句中的日语原文填充译文中的空白。1．失礼ですが、窓をお閉め願えないでしょうか。译文：劳驾您， ？２．「ｋ君はどうするの？」「僕はどうでも、 」译文： K君怎么样？ 我怎么３．石炭業の将来について译文：煤炭工业未来的４．学校では学生が授業が始まる１０分前に教室に入らなければならないことになっている。译文：学校 学生在上课前十分钟必须进教室。Ⅳ.选择题1．下列单句各有两个译文，请在正确的译文后面的括号内画 ○ 。1）中国の人口は１３億に増えた。译文1：中国的人口已经增长到13亿。（ ）译文2：中国的人口增加了13亿。 （ ）2）この男がなめた水は確かに、古洞にねむっていた水のようにすっぱくて苦くはなかった。译文1：这个男子尝过的水的确不酸不苦，如同古洞里的积水。 （ ）译文2：这个男子汉尝过的水的确和古洞里的积水一样，酸但是不苦。（ ）2．下列各组每组有两句话，请在正确的话后面的括号里画 ○ 。1）a）日语用拟声拟态词比汉语多。 （ ）b）汉语用拟声拟态词比日语多。 （ ）2）a）正反表达和转换词语要做到 词变意也变，形反意也反 。 （ ）b）正反表达和转换词语要做到 词变意不变，形反意不反 。 （ ）3）a）傅雷主张 所求的不在神似而在形似 。 （ ）b）傅雷主张 所求的不在形似而在神似 。 （ ）4）a）公害病にかかった住民は、治療法もなく、苦しんでいる。（ ）b）公害病した住民は、治療法もなく、苦しんでいる。 （ ）Ⅴ.翻译段落1．将下列短文译成汉语『もったいない---- 物は生かして使いましょう』たくさんの物が溢れる今日、「もったいない」という言葉は「死語」になったようにさえ思えます。しかし「もったいない」と始めたことが、経営を支える一大商品となった会社もあります。三重県にある(株) おやつカンパニーでは、昭和二十三年にインスタントラーメンの開発を始めました。終戦直後の当時は工場の設備もままならず、製造過程でたくさんの麺のかけらが出ましたが、それを見た会長が「もったいない」と、従業員や近所の人へおやつとして配ったのです。そして、それが「美味しい」と評判になったことから、一袋十円のおやつとして発売しました。それから四十二年、いまやその商品は「ベビースターラーメン」の名で年間売上高百二十億円を誇っています。最近、環境問題が騒がれ、リサイクルが注目されています。私たちも会社や家庭で、「もう古い」と簡単に物を捨てるのではなく、もう一度生かす方法を考えてみる必要があるのではないでしょうか。2．将下列短文译成日语住在东京的K先生，到某个地方城市出差时的一件事。为了乘坐去往机场的特快大巴，他向身边的一位50岁左右的巴士向导询问 去机场的大巴停车点在哪 对方马上告诉他说 就在前面一号站点。而且，进一步又说 下一趟车是十点四十五分发车，车票请在这台自动售票机这儿买。 该向导跟在起步走向自动售票机的K先生身后，特意用手指示告诉K先生说 一千日元，请按下这个按钮。售票机上显示出很多去往各个路线的票价，对于初次利用此机器的人来说确实难以搞懂，K先生对向导的热情服务充满感激，同时深受感动。 老先生认真工作的态度令人钦佩，我也要向老人家学习。我们不仅要做好上级下达的任务，而且要尽量满足顾客的要求，圆满地完成工作。

解放军文职招聘考试汉译日经济翻译考试题（二）-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

发布时间：2017-05-21 10:04:19汉译日经济翻译考试题（二）一、翻译下列句子（4 10＝40分）1．签订合作办工厂协议是合作的开始，到生产出产品还有很多工作要做，我们决心按协议规定高质量地按期完成土建项目。2. 国家鼓励发展对外贸易，发挥地方的积极性，保障对外贸易经营者的经营自主权。3.中国大连╳╳╳进出口公司（以下简称甲方）与日本╳╳株式会社（以下简称乙方）经过友好协商，按下述条款签订本合同。4. 大连年平均气温10℃左右，无霜期180-210天，年均光照时间2700小时，是一座环境优美的海滨城市。5. 为帮助大家学习汉语，《汉语空中教室》第三期将于╳╳年╳╳月╳╳日开课，欢迎报名学习。6. 经本院审查认为： 情节轻微，构不成犯罪。根据刑事诉讼法第11条第（一）项的规定，决定不批准逮捕。7. 被保险货物在中途转运港卸离海轮或驳船，保险责任即告终止。8. 我们建议贵方尽快寄来订单，因种种迹象表明，不久每吨将提价3美元。9. 按下列安排召开营业科长会议，请届时参加。10. 届时将有海内外的贵宾和各界著名人士光临。仪式之后，是《大连之恋》大型广场艺术晚会。它以在海内外享有盛誉的大连籍的艺术家和明星为主体，表现出浓郁的大连地方特色。二、翻译短文 （20分）自1979年我们两市结成友好城市关系以来，至今已经有13个年头。13年来，贵我两市的友谊不断加深，经济、文化等方面的交流不断扩大。为促进两市的友好交流和经济合作，北九州市议会作了大量的、细致的、卓有成效的工作，使我们感到非常钦佩。去年，我们大连市人大代表团访问贵市时，受到了以 先生为首的北九州市议会的热烈欢迎和盛情款待，给我们留下许多美好的回忆。在这里，我们再次表示衷心感谢。三、翻译短文 （40分）合营公司职工的招收、招聘、辞退、辞职、工资、福利、劳动保险、劳动保护、劳动纪律等事宜，按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业劳动管理规定》及其实施办法办理。合营公司有权对违反合营公司的规章制度和劳动纪律的职工，给予警告、记过、降薪的处分，情节严重，可予以开除。开除职工须报当地劳动人事部门备案。职工的工资待遇，参照中国有关规定，根据合营公司具体情况，由董事会确定，并在劳动合同中具体规定。职工的福利、奖金、劳动保护和劳动保险等事宜，合营公司将分别在各项制度中加以规定，确保职工在正常条件下从事工作。参考答案一、翻译下列句子（4 10＝40分）1．合弁工場の設立の協定が成立しましたことは、今後の協力関係のほんの出発点でありまして、実際に製品が産み出されてくるまでには、未だなすべきことが多々ございます。我々は協定の定めるところに従い、まずは期日通りに式場用地の建設を立派に成し遂げる決心であります。2. 国は対外貿易の発展を奨励し、地方の積極性を発揮させ、対外貿易経営者の経営自主権を保障する。3. 中国大連╳╳╳進出口公司（以下甲と称す）と日本╳╳株式会社（以下乙と称す）は友好的協議を経て、以下の条項により本契約を締結する。4. 大連は年平均気温が10℃前後、無霜期が180～210日間、年平均日照時間が２７００時間と、美しく素敵な環境の海浜都市であります。5. 皆様の中国語学習熱にお応えするために、╳╳年╳╳月╳╳日より第三期「漢語空中教室」を開講することとなりました。皆様の御参加を心より歓迎いたします。6. 本（検察）院は審査を経て以下のごとく認定する。（ は）（犯罪）内容が軽微で、犯罪を構成していない。刑事訴訟法第11条第（一）項の規定に基づき、逮捕を批准しないことを決定する。7. 貨物が途中の積替港で本船あるいは艀から荷揚げされた場合保険責任はそれを持って終結する。8. 貴方ができるだけ早く注文書を送られるよう提案します。なぜなら色々の兆候からみて近い将来トン当り3ドルの値上げが予想されるからです。9．営業課長会議を下記により（下記のとおり、次のとおり、次により、左記のとおり、下記により）開催しますから、ご出席ください。10. 当日は国内外から各界の著名な方々が来られます。開幕式後、ひき続き｢大連の恋｣と題する前夜祭が行われます。出演メンバーは主に国内外になを馳せている大連出身の芸術家とスターで、大連地方の特色をたっぷり披露します。二、翻译短文 （20分）1979年、両市が友好都市関係を締結致しまして以来、今日までにすでに13年の年月が経ちました。この13年以来、両市の友情は絶えず深まり、経済、文化等各方面にわたる交流も絶えず発展拡大いたしてまいりました。両市の友好交流と経済協力関係の促進のために、北九州市議会は多大の、行き届けいた、かつ効果的な活動をなされてまいりました。この点私どもは大いに敬服するところであります。昨年、わが大連市の人民代表大会代表団が貴市をご訪問いたしました際 先生をはじめとする北九州市議会の皆様方の熱烈な歓迎と手厚いおもてなしをいただきました。あの時のことは私どもの心のなかに美しい思い出として、今もなおたくさん残っております。この席をお借りいたしまして、改めて心から御礼申し上げます。三、翻译短文 （40分）合弁公司の従業員の募集、採用、解雇、退職、賃金、福利、労働保険、労働保護、労働規律などは、「中華人民共和国中外合弁企業労働管理規定」及び実施規則により処理する。合弁公司が必要とする従業員は、現地労働部門に推薦してもらうか、労働部門の同意を得て合弁公司が公募するが、一律に試験を行い、選択採用する。合弁公司は、合弁公司の規則制度と労働規律に違反した従業員に対して、警告、過失記録、減給処分にしたり、事態が深刻である場合は解雇する権限を有する。従業員を解雇する場合は、現地労働人事部門に届け出なければならない。従業員の賃金待遇は、中国の関連規定を参照し、合弁公司の具体的情況に基づいて、董事会が確定すると同時に、労働契約の中に具体的に規定する。合弁公司は、従業員の職務能力と技術水準の向上にともなって、従業員の賃金を適当にひきあげる。従業員の福利、奨励金、労働保護と労働保険などは、合弁公司がそれぞれ各制度のなかの規定に入れ、従業員が正常な条件の下に業務に従事できるよう保障する。

解放军文职招聘考试英译汉翻译赏析176段（1）-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

发布时间：2017-05-21 16:14:49英译汉翻译赏析176段（1）If it were possible, however, it would present some pretty knotty paradoxes... For example, what if someone or something traveled back in time and changed the ensuing future? And have you heard the one about the time traveler who dots back and forward in time and by means of various medical technologies is able to be his own father AND mother?! And besides, if time travel is possible, where are all the people from the future--surely they"d want to come and meet us poor stranded 21st century beings?然而，如果这一切成为可能的话，那么将会出现一些非常令人困惑的逻辑混乱 比如，如果某人或某物逆时间旅行并改变随之发生的情况，那会发生什么情况呢？又比如说，你是否曾听说过这样的事情 一位时间旅行者在时间隧道中穿梭往返，利用各种医学技术使自己成为自己的父亲和母亲？还有，如果时间旅行成为可能，未来的所有人都会在哪里呢？他们肯定想来见见我们这些滞留在21世纪的可怜人。英译汉翻译赏析176段（2）The experiment was replicated in 1996 with advanced technology, and it was proved again--with an even bigger time difference this time. Which proves that not only is time warp-able , but Einstein was arguably the greatest thinker the world has ever seen. So, time is warped--and this opens up the possibility that we might be able to somehow manipulate it as a mode of travel one day. Already one scientist has published a paper in which he detailed how to build a time machine.1996年，科学家用先进的技术重复了同样的实验，也证实了该理论，时间差距甚至更大了。这一实验不仅验证了时间的可扭曲性，还证明爱因斯坦可能是人类史上最伟大的思想家。所以说，时间是可弯曲的。这也使我们或许有朝一日有可能利用它作为某种形式进行旅行。有一位科学家已经发表了一篇论文，详细地描述如何建造一部时间机器。英译汉翻译赏析176段（3）In 1971, after Einstein"s death, two scientists were able to carry out a crucial experiment. They used two atomic clocks, synchronized them, and placed one on a plane, while the other stayed in the same location on Earth. The plane then flew around the world for 80 hours. According to Einstein"s theory, the clock on the plane would be expected to have lost time, due to being in motion over 80 hours compared to the clock on the ground. When they brought the clocks together and made a comparison, the clock on the plane was indeed a few nanoseconds slower than the other clock.爱因斯坦去世后，1971年，两名科学家完成了一项重要实验。他们使用两个原子钟，将时间调成一致。其中一个被放在飞机上，而另一个则置于地球上的原来地方。随后飞机环绕全球飞行了80个小时。按照爱因斯坦理论，相对于地面上的时钟，飞机上的时钟会因为80个小时的运动而减少时间。当他们将两个时钟拿到一起比较时，飞机上的时钟确实较另一只慢了几毫微秒。英译汉翻译赏析176段（4）Time travel is clearly a trickier proposition than space travel, though. Put simply, Einstein"s idea was that every object in the universe has it"s own time , and these vary as objects move. The faster an object moves, the slower its time is, compared to the time of a slower moving object. The extreme situation would be if an object could move as fast as the speed of light, its time would be completely halted. But whatever an object--or person"s--time is, it"s only evident in contrast to other objects. In other words, it"s all relatives.与太空旅行相比，时间旅行很显然是一个更为复杂的命题。简而言之，爱因斯坦的观点就是，宇宙中每一物体都有其自身的 时间 ，并随其运动的不同而不同。物体运动越快，其时间越慢（与运动较慢的物体相比而言）。最极端的假设是，如果一个物体运动达到光速，那么其时间就会完全停止。但无论一个物体或者一个人的时间为何，它只能参照其它物体才能得以体现。换句话说，万物皆相对。英译汉翻译赏析176段（5）Many science-fictional ideas from the past have subsequently became scientific realities. Take space exploration, for example. In the 1950s this was just a fantastical idea that few people would have dreamt could actually happen. Now it"s such a part of modern life that the latest blastoff of a spacecraft, or the discovery of a new planet often doesn"t even make the national news.以前科学小说中提出的很多想法已经变成了科学的现实。拿太空探险来说，50年代，这只不过是一种科学狂想，很少人相信有一天会变成现实。可是现在它已成为现代生活的一个组成部分，以至于一次最新的宇航器发射或者一个新行星的发现已不再列为国内新闻。英译汉翻译赏析176段（6）You cannot change the laws of physics ... but could physics actually enable us to travel through time? It might sound crazy, but according to Einstein"s theories, there"s no logical reason why time travel isn"t possible and there are now scientists looking into it as a serious scientific proposal, at least at a theoretical level.你无法改变物理学定律 但是物理学能否使我们在时间中旅行呢？这听上去或许像个痴想。但是根据爱因斯坦的理论，时间旅行在逻辑上不是不可能的。现在科学家正把它视为一个严肃的科学命题，至少在理论上如此。英译汉翻译赏析176段（7）Munich, then, is a city of fascinating contrasts. It has terrific museums, architectural treasures, and open-air shopping as well as space-age factories and world-class markets. If you could visit only one city in Germany, the capital of Bavaria would be a worthy choice.由此可见，慕尼黑是一个极具迷人的有鲜明反差的城市。它有令人流连忘返的博物馆、建筑珍品，露天商场，也有太空时代的工厂和世界顶级的购物商场。假如你只能访问德国的一座城市，那么巴伐利亚的首府将是一个绝对值得一游的城市！英译汉翻译赏析176段（8）Despite the city"s traditional image, many residents never set foot inside a beer hall or go anywhere near Oktoberfest, which is looked down on by some as a festival only for foreign tourists. These citizens see themselves as part of a thriving, modern metropolis which is the high-tech capital of Germany. Indeed, Munich plays host to a large concentration of communications and electronics firms.尽管慕城具有这种传统的形象，许多当地居民却从未涉足啤酒厅和到举办 啤酒节 临近的任何地方。有些人认为这些地方不屑一顾，只不过是外国游客的节庆。这些市民认为自己是一个蒸蒸日上，现代大都会的一部分。它是德国高科技的首都，的确，慕尼黑接纳了云积此地的众多通讯及电子公司。英译汉翻译赏析176段（9）There is much more to modern Munich than beer gardens. It is Germany"s favorite city, insofar as surveys show a majority of Germans would prefer to live there. Some jokingly call it the only Italian city north of the Alps, a reference to Munich"s easygoing spirit that contrasts with the staid impression many foreigners have of Germany.现代慕尼黑可不只有啤酒园而已。它是德国一座人们喜爱的城市，调查显示，大多数德国人愿意选择在慕城定居。有些人戏称她是阿尔卑斯山以北唯一的意大利式城市，意味着慕尼黑随和亲切的气氛，这和许多外国人对德国严肃持重的印象，形成天壤之别。英译汉翻译赏析176段（10）It was in the early years of the nineteenth century that Munich really began to grow, and many of the city"s best known buildings date from this time. Despite being the modern metropolis that hosted the 1972 Olympic Games, Munich has retained a quiet charm. It is easy to forget you are in a big city as you stroll through the English Gardens, one of Europe"s largest parks complete with the Chinese Tower and a beer garden of course.直到上世纪初，慕尼黑才真正开始发展起来，许多最知名的慕城建筑都源自那个时期。尽管它曾以现代大都会之姿主办了1972年的奥运会，慕尼黑仍保有其静谧的魅力。当你在 英国花园 ──欧陆最大的公园之中漫步，当然还有置身其中的中国高塔和一座啤酒园──你将浑然不觉还身处在大城市之中。英译汉翻译赏析176段（11）It is fair to say that the city of Munich was founded on beer. Christian monks established a settlement there in the ninth century and began to brew a tasty mixture of malt and hops which they probably used to help convert local inhabitants to their religion. Nowadays, St. Peter Church stands on the site where the monks founded their settlement.若说慕尼黑是因啤酒而建，并不夸张。九世纪时，基督教僧侣在当地建立了一个定居点，并开始酿造某种将麦芽及啤酒花混合而成的美味饮料，他们曾经利用这种饮料来帮助他们令当地居民皈依基督教。今天，圣彼得教堂便坐落在当时僧侣建定居点的地方。英译汉翻译赏析176段（12）Beer stands were introduced in 1818, and these were changed to the now-famous beer tents in 1896. The drink is a major feature of the event, and this year"s visitors are expected to top last year"s numbers of 5 million liters of beer and 650,000 pork sausages consumed.啤酒摊首次引入是在1818年，到了1896年这些摊位已成为今日盛名远扬的啤酒棚。喝啤酒是这个节庆的主要特色，去年游客饮用了超过500万公升的啤酒，吃掉了65万条以上的猪肉香肠，预计今年的游客将超过去年的消费数字。英译汉翻译赏析176段（13）The first Oktoberfest was held in 1810 to celebrate the wedding of Prince Ludwig, who later became King Ludwig I of Bavaria. The celebration featured horse races, which were repeated the following year, and the festival became an annual event.首届 啤酒节 于1810年举行，为了庆祝路德维格王子的婚礼，嗣后他成了巴伐利亚路德维格一世国王。赛马是庆祝活动的特色，来年亦再度举行，此节日因而成为一年一度例行的大事。英译汉翻译赏析176段（14）How would you like to sip a glass of cold beer while sitting in the shadow of a Chinese pagoda surrounded by English gardens in the middle of a southern German city? It may sound unlikely, but that is what millions of visitors from around the world experience in Munich in late September and early October every year. They come to celebrate Oktoberfest, probably the largest public festival in the world.在德国南部城市中，坐在为英式花园环抱的中国式宝塔的荫凉下，啜饮一杯冰凉的啤酒，这样的感觉，你有多心动？听起来也许像天方夜谭，但这就是每年九、十月之交，来自世界各地的百万游客，群集慕尼黑的亲身经历。他们来庆祝 啤酒节 ──可能是世界上最盛大的公众节日。英译汉翻译赏析176段（15）Such expressions as Love thyself and to thine own self be true are about self-acceptance and confidence, as well as honesty and morality. We should consider them to be good advice, and treat them as signposts showing the way to happiness within.象 珍爱自己 、 忠于自我 就是自我认同、自信的一种说法，也是对自己诚实与道德的一种表达。我们应该把它们当作金玉良言，并看作是通往内心幸福之路的路标。英译汉翻译赏析176段（16）Recognizing the details that we cannot change about ourselves is also a sign of personal growth. We cannot change our height, so why waste energy complaining about being short? Our energy would be better spent on more constructive projects. Instead of dwelling on personal characteristics we are not satisfied with, we ought to focus more on what we are good at.能认清我们无法改变自己这个事实也是一个人成熟的表现。既然我们不能改变自己的身高，那么又何必浪费力气抱怨自己长得矮呢？把我们的精力用在更有建设性的计划上会更好。与其在自己不满意的个人特征上钻牛角尖，不如把精力放到我们擅长的事情上。英译汉翻译赏析176段（17）Secure people do not give up when faced with a difficult situation; they say I can rather than I can"t. Knowing that each day is an opportunity to use their talents to acquire good health, good friendships, and great happiness, they always put their best foot forward. Contented people do not judge others, nor do they judge themselves. They can appreciate the differences between themselves and other people.有安全感的人面对困境时不轻易放弃；他们说 我可以 ，而不说 我不行 。他们知道每一天都有机会施展所长，总是全力以赴，得到健康、友谊及幸福。懂得知足的人不评论别人，也不评判自己。他们能欣赏自己和别人的不同之处。英译汉翻译赏析176段（18）Less secure people are quite different. Instead of finding security in themselves, they look for other people to provide it. This kind of person constantly agrees with everything others suggest, for fear of having their own ideas rejected. Arrogant or defensive people are also usually insecure; in an attempt to hide their insecurities, they belittle or blame others.缺乏安全感的人就很不一样了。他们不是在自己内心寻找安全感，而是寻找他人的帮助来获得安全感。这种人总是同意别人建议的每件事，就因为害怕自己的意见会遭到拒绝。傲慢或防御心强的人通常也是很没有安全感的，他们会借着贬低或指责别人，来掩饰他们的不安。英译汉翻译赏析176段（19）Over time, however, we have the opportunity to learn to accept ourselves. People who have done this are confident in their true abilities; they do not feel the need to create a facade to impress other people. They are concerned with whether their actions produce worthwhile results rather than with how they are seen by others.然而，随着时间的推移，我们开始有机会去学习认同自己。懂得如何认同自己的人，表明对自己的真实能力有信心；他们觉得没有必要去制造假象，让自己给其它人留下深刻印象。他们所关心的只是自己的行为能否产生有价值的结果，而不在乎别人会怎么看他们。英译汉翻译赏析176段（20）Finding acceptance is a natural desire of most people. When we are young, it is important to us to be accepted by a group and to be seen as cool by our peers. To do this, we will often adopt the views and interests of the group rather than develop our own.渴望得到认同是大多数人的一个自然愿望。我们年轻的时候，能被一个团体所认同，被同辈认为很 酷 ，对我们来说是很重要的。为此，我们常常要接受与团体一致的观点和兴趣，而不去发展我们自己的观点或兴趣。英译汉翻译赏析176段（21）Does palmistry have any basis in science? A connection has been made between the lines on the hand and some genetic traits, as well as between heart disease and certain fingerprint patterns. Whether palm reading can foretell the future, however, is a question science seems unable to answer.相手术有没有任何科学依据？目前已经找出关于掌纹和基因特性的联系，以及心脏病和某些指纹的联系。然而，看手相是否能预测未来，似乎仍然是科学无法解开之谜。英译汉翻译赏析176段（22）The clearest indicators of the future are the main lines of the palm, although opinions vary on what they represent. To a Chinese fortune-teller, the Life Line, which arcs downwards from the thumb side of the palm to the wrist, is an indicator of life span. Western palmists, however, think this line is more likely to signify quality of life.尽管大家对掌纹所代表的含意众说纷纭，但能预测未来最清楚的主要标志是尺寸和掌纹突陷的形状。对中国算命先生来说，手掌从大拇指旁边往下呈弧形延伸到手腕是生命线，指示人的寿命。然而西方的手相师却认为，生命线更可能显示的是生活的质量英译汉翻译赏析176段（23）Like the face, the features of the hand are tools of the fortune-teller. The key factors are the size and shape of the mounts, or raised parts of the palm, and the valleys between them. A palmist also looks at the shape of the fingertips and nails. Rounded fingertips, for instance, suggest a lively personality.和脸一样，手的特征也是算命师的工具，其中的关键因素是 掌丘 ，也就是手掌隆起的部分，以及介于之间的低陷部份的大小和形状。手相师也看指尖和指甲的形状。比如，指尖浑圆代表个性活泼。英译汉翻译赏析176段（24）In China, the pattern on a person"s palm is only one of many clues to his or her destiny. To fortune-tellers, facial features are an indicator of personality and can be used to assess the person"s prospects. Other methods of prediction include analyzing the characters and numbers in a person"s name.在中国，掌纹只是用来预测命运的线索之一。对算命师来说，脸部特征是一个人个性的表征，并可借此评估一个人的未来。其它的算命方法还包括分析名字的用字和笔画。英译汉翻译赏析176段（25）Most experts agree that palmistry started in India, but perhaps its most common association is with the nomadic people popularly known as Gypsies. During the Middle Ages, they were often employed as spies by various kingdoms in Europe. They would use palm reading sessions with important people as an opportunity to get information.大多数专家同意相手术起源于印度，不过也许最容易是和人们熟悉的游牧民族吉普赛人联系在一起。在中世纪，吉普赛人常被欧洲的王国雇来充当间谍。他们利用替大人物看手相的机会来刺探情报。英译汉翻译赏析176段（26）Have you ever heard of the hand of destiny, or the fickle finger of fate? English, like other languages, has colorful metaphors linking the hand to notions of influence by forces beyond our control. In fact, the hand has been a source of fascination since ancient times, and palmistry, the reading of the hand, has been practiced around the world for centuries.你听过 命运之手 或是 命运的捉弄 之类的话吗？和其它语言一样，英语用生动而丰富的暗喻，将 手 和 我们难以控制的影响力 的观念联系起来。自古以来，手一直在引发人们的兴趣。相手术，即看手相在全世界也已经应用几个世纪了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（27）Many people fear the effects cloning could have on our society. They imagine masses of identical people, and the production of perfect humans for warfare or slave labor. With such thought-provoking possibilities for the 21st century, human cloning will no doubt continue to receive widespread attention and scrutiny.许多人担心克隆对社会带来影响。他们想象可能会出现一大群长得一模一样的人，和因战争或苦役需要而制造出的 完美 人类。我们甚至可能看到，存放在医院中作备用的无头人体。在21世纪具有如此能激发思考的种种可能性的情况下，克隆人类毫无疑问会继续受到广泛的关注及审视。英译汉翻译赏析176段（28）Some of the great hopes for cloning include the ability to perform transplants, whenever they are needed, using cloned organs. For example, people with lung cancer may simply have their lungs replaced with healthy ones. Scientists also look forward to the day when people in wheelchairs can walk again, and illnesses such as Alzheimer"s and Parkinson"s Disease can be prevented.人们对克隆的一些伟大希望包括在需要进行移植手术时人们能使用克隆器官。例如：肺癌患者可能仅需换个健康的肺。科学家也期待着有一天长期坐轮椅的人能再站起来，老年痴呆症及帕金森氏症等疾病也都能事先预防。英译汉翻译赏析176段（29）The cloning of human cells provides the potential to find cures and eliminate diseases. Others question whether it is right to Play God in an attempt to cure the disabilities and diseases of this world.克隆人类细胞有可能会找到治愈疾病的疗法并消灭疾病。一些研究人员的梦想是建立一个健康的乌托邦世界。其它研究人员则质疑人类企图治疗世上的伤残和疾病去扮演上帝的角色是否正确。英译汉翻译赏析176段（30）Some scientists want to apply the methods used in cloning animals to produce skin, organs, and other body parts for humans. One of these methods involves taking adult cells from the brain or blood and growing them into new tissues. Another, more complex, technique takes embryo cells and develops them into a wide variety of cell types and tissues.一些科学家想用克隆动物的方法，来为人类制造人类使用的皮肤、器官与其它的身体构造。其方法之一是从脑内或血液中提取成熟细胞，把它们培养成新组织。另外一种较为复杂的技术，则是把胚胎细胞培养成各式各样的细胞种类及组织。英译汉翻译赏析176段（31）The cloning of human cells provides the potential to find cures and eliminate diseases. Others question whether it is right to Play God in an attempt to cure the disabilities and diseases of this world.克隆人类细胞有可能会找到治愈疾病的疗法并消灭疾病。一些研究人员的梦想是建立一个健康的乌托邦世界。其它研究人员则质疑人类企图治疗世上的伤残和疾病去扮演上帝的角色是否正确。英译汉翻译赏析176段（32）Some scientists want to apply the methods used in cloning animals to produce skin, organs, and other body parts for humans. One of these methods involves taking adult cells from the brain or blood and growing them into new tissues. Another, more complex, technique takes embryo cells and develops them into a wide variety of cell types and tissues.一些科学家想用克隆动物的方法，来为人类制造人类使用的皮肤、器官与其它的身体构造。其方法之一是从脑内或血液中提取成熟细胞，把它们培养成新组织。另外一种较为复杂的技术，则是把胚胎细胞培养成各式各样的细胞种类及组织。英译汉翻译赏析176段（33）The first cloning experiments in the 1950s involved frogs and toads. It was not until 1997 that scientists successfully cloned the first mammal, the now world-famous sheep known as Dolly. Cloning techniques have continued to improve since then, and today there are cloned mice, salmon, and cattle.克隆实验开始于20世纪50年代，对象为青蛙和蟾蜍。直到1997年，科学家才成功地克隆了哺乳类动物，即世界闻名的 多莉羊 。克隆技术从那时起得到了持续的进展，今天已有了克隆老鼠、克隆鲑鱼和克隆牛。英译汉翻译赏析176段（34）Saving lives has always been an important mission of science. Now science, and indeed all society, is facing a new dilemma: whether or not to try and save more lives through human cloning.挽救生命一直是科学研究的一项重要使命。如今，科学研究，其实是整个社会，正面临着一个新的困境：是否要设法通过克隆人类来挽救更多的生命。英译汉翻译赏析176段（35）These days, it is up to current stars like Tiger Woods and David Duval to keep spectators glued to the TV set. Even if you are not a big fan, why not head off to the driving range and have a go? More than 23 million players exist in the United States alone, and they are all likely to tell you the same thing about golf: There"s nothing like it!现在，高尔夫则靠当红球星泰格 伍兹和大卫 杜瓦的魅力吸引球迷通过电视观看比赛。即使你不是头号球迷，为什么不前往高尔夫球练习场挥一挥杆，尝试一下？仅仅在美国就有两千三百万人从事高尔夫运动，对于高尔夫，他们可能会异口同声说： 没有比它更好的运动了！英译汉翻译赏析176段（36）Legendary golfers Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, and Gary Player dominated the game from the 60s" into the 70s", wowing fans by winning almost all of the events they competed in. Nicklaus still holds an unbeaten record of five U.S. PGA championships, six U.S. Masters titles, and four U.S. Opens.高尔夫球界的传奇人物──杰克 尼克芬斯，阿诺德 帕尔默，及加里 普莱耶一直称霸于60到70年代的高尔夫球坛。他们几乎囊括了所有的比赛奖项，使球迷们大为赞叹。尼克芬斯至今仍保持数项无人能破的辉煌记录：5座美国职业高尔夫锦标赛冠军、6次美国高尔夫精英赛冠军，及4个美国公开赛冠军头衔。英译汉翻译赏析176段（37）Golf was made an Olympic sport in 1900, by which time there were already more than 1,000 golf courses in the United States. The famous PGA was formed in 1916, and by 1944, the equally famous PGA tour consisted of 22 events and was held throughout the year.1900年，高尔夫球正式成为奥林匹克的运动项目，那时美国已有上千个高尔夫球场。著名的职业高尔夫球员联盟于1916年成立；到1944年，同享盛名的职业高尔夫球员联盟巡回比赛，在1年内会举行22项比赛。英译汉翻译赏析176段（38）The Industrial Revolution brought a period of change for golf. Suddenly, with the mass production of golf clubs and balls, the average person could afford6 to play. New railway lines made it possible for people to go to the country for the day, and thus play on a different course every weekend.工业革命为高尔夫运动带来了一段变革时期。突然间，随着高尔夫球杆及高尔夫球的大量生产，普通百姓也可以玩这项运动。到郊区的新火车路线使人们可以在比赛当天往返，因此每个周末都可以在不同的球场打球。英译汉翻译赏析176段（39）It is generally agreed that golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century. Its popularity spread throughout the 16th century, and the first international golf match took place in 1682 between players from England and Scotland. Clubs began forming soon after, and concrete rules of the game were established.普遍认为高尔夫的第一场比赛是15世纪时在苏格兰举行的。它从16世纪开始普及起来，首场国际性高尔夫球赛就是在1682年举行的，选手均来自英格兰及苏格兰。不久，高尔夫俱乐部开始成立，同时也确立了具体的比赛规则。英译汉翻译赏析176段（40）When most people think of golf, they probably think of Tiger Woods jet-setting to golf courses around the world winning prestigious tournaments and making a lot of money. It seems hard to believe that what is now an international sport and multimillion-dollar industry evolved from origins as humble as hitting a pebble around sand dunes with a stick.大多数人一想到高尔夫球，可能就会想到泰格 伍兹乘喷气客机到世界各地的高尔夫球场赢得备受注目的锦标赛，并赚进大把的钞票。很难相信如今这个价值高达数百万美元的国际性工业，是从随便拿根棍子，在沙丘上挥打鹅卵石这种微不足道的运动发展起来的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（41）While Finland is best enjoyed during the warmer months of May to September. A little known fact is that Santa Claus does not live at the North Pole, but in the Lapland region of Finland. There, Santa receives about 600,000 letters a year written by children from over 150 countries.虽然芬兰在暖和的5月至9月间气候最为宜人。一个罕为人知的事实是圣诞老人并非住在北极，而是住在芬兰的拉普兰一带。在那里，圣诞老人每年会收到来自世界150多个国家孩子的约60万封信。英译汉翻译赏析176段（42）The sun fuels life on earth has the potential to do a whole lot more. If we could find more ways to harness solar power safely and efficiently, we could get much more usable energy from it than we currently get from burning fossil fuels like oil, coal, and gas.太阳除了给地球带来生命，还有很多潜在的功能。如果能够找出更多安全有效的方法来利用太阳能，就能从中获得更多有用的能源，这比我们目前以燃烧石油、煤、汽油等化石燃料所获得的能源还要多。英译汉翻译赏析176段（43）This would be a great advantage because, as most scientists agree, burning fossil fuels is the main cause of environmental problems such as acid rain and global warming. Many warn that we will face widespread environmental disaster if we do not cut back on our use of these fuels. That is why environmentalists and scientists alike say it is time to look seriously for ways to harness an energy source that is clean, safe and cheap: namely, the sun. The only question is how.诚如大多数科学家所言，利用好太阳能相当有益，燃烧化石燃料是导致酸雨和全球变暖等环境问题的首要因素。他们警告人类必须减少使用化石燃料，否则将面临全面的环境灾难。 难怪环保人士和科学家都主张要积极设法利用干净、安全而又便宜的能源──太阳能。问题是，怎么利用呢？英译汉翻译赏析176段（43）This would be a great advantage because, as most scientists agree, burning fossil fuels is the main cause of environmental problems such as acid rain and global warming. Many warn that we will face widespread environmental disaster if we do not cut back on our use of these fuels. That is why environmentalists and scientists alike say it is time to look seriously for ways to harness an energy source that is clean, safe and cheap: namely, the sun. The only question is how.诚如大多数科学家所言，利用好太阳能相当有益，燃烧化石燃料是导致酸雨和全球变暖等环境问题的首要因素。他们警告人类必须减少使用化石燃料，否则将面临全面的环境灾难。 难怪环保人士和科学家都主张要积极设法利用干净、安全而又便宜的能源──太阳能。问题是，怎么利用呢？英译汉翻译赏析176段（44）Energy comes to us from the sun in two main forms: heat and light. Solar thermal technologies use water or air to trap the sun"s heat. On a small scale, this kind of solar power is already being used to heat homes, offices, and factories. On a large scale, it could be used to drive huge electricity-generating power plants.太阳产生 热能 和 光能 两大能源。太阳热能技术运用水或空气来捕捉太阳的热能。在小规模应用上，这种太阳能目前已经用于为居室、办公室以及工厂供暖；在大规模应用上，这种太阳能可用于为大型发电厂提供电力。英译汉翻译赏析176段（45）Photovoltaic technologies use semiconductors to trap the son"s light and convert it to electricity. Such solar power is already being used to run all sorts of devices, from calculator to the Hubble Telescope in outer space. These accomplishments show that harnessing solar power is possible, but it remains expensive and in efficient. Scientists are still trying to find ways to make solar power a more widely used energy source. It is a big challenge, but many believe that the future of our planet depends on it.光电技术利用半导体捕获太阳光能，然后把太阳光能转换成电能。这类太阳能已应用在诸如计算机和哈伯太空望远镜等各种装置中。 上述各项应用成果均证明了太阳能是可以加以利用的，只是还很昂贵，而且成效还不够明显。科学家们至今仍在设法充分利用太阳能。虽然这是一大挑战，但是许多人都认为地球的未来就靠太阳能了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（46）Perhaps you have a big test coming up and you are feeling nervous. These days, it is pass or perish, so you know you have got to do well. The pressure is on, so you may be losing sleep and the ability to concentrate. How can you deal with the stress, study effectively, and take the test with confidence? Maybe you should try meditation.也许你正为了明天的大考感到紧张。现在，不是通过，就是完蛋，所以你知道你一定得考好。压力就在那里，你也许就会睡眠不足或无法集中精神。该怎样面对压力，有效地学习，以及信心十足地迎接考试呢？或许你该试试冥想。英译汉翻译赏析176段（47）When people think about meditation, many picture old men sitting cross-legged on remote mountaintops. People describing meditation frequently mention elements such as gurus, relaxation, and thinking about nothing . It is not necessary to travel to a mountaintop to enjoy the benefits of meditation because it is actually more about awareness than just relaxation. The secret to meditation is breathing.人们一想到冥想，脑子里就会浮现出在深山顶上老人盘腿而坐的画面。许多人在描述冥想时，也总是要提到古鲁、放松、什么都不想等要素。不一定登上山顶才能享受到冥想的好处。因为冥想时意识比放松更重要。冥想的秘诀是呼吸。英译汉翻译赏析176段（48）To start meditating, find a place where you can sit or stand comfortably for a little while and concentrate. Close your eyes and start taking slow breaths. Focus on the air moving in and out of your body. If your mind starts to wander and you begin to think about something else, refocus your attention on your breathing.开始冥想前，找个你可以暂时站着或坐着舒服的地方然后集中精神。闭上你的眼睛并缓慢呼吸。集中注意在空气进出你的身体。如果你开始胡思乱想了，就把注意力重新集中在你的呼吸上。英译汉翻译赏析176段（49）Meditation has little to do with escaping problems or thinking about nothing. Instead, the breathing techniques help you calm down and think more clearly about your feelings. The issues on your mind unfold clearly, as if they were in slow motion.冥想并不是逃避问题或什么都不想。相反的，掌握呼吸的技巧能帮助你平静下来，让你更清楚地思考自己的感觉。你的心结就像是慢动作似的在你的面前清晰地展开。英译汉翻译赏析176段（50）This clarity is called mindfulness . Being mindful means that you are aware of what you are thinking without becoming caught up in your thoughts. It takes practice, but with time, that big test will not scare you anymore. You will realize through meditation that fear is just a product of not being mindful.这种清晰就叫领悟。领悟的意思是你知道你心里所想但不为杂念缠绕。冥想需要练习，不过随着时间的推移，你就不会再畏惧考试了。学会了冥想，你会了解恐惧只是没有集中精神的结果。英译汉翻译赏析176段（51）With the advent of freezers and mechanical refrigeration, ice cream production soared, with 150 million gallons of ice cream being made in the U.S. in 1919. Today, one simply has to walk down to his or her local ice cream shop to enjoy ice cream. The only difficulty is which flavor to choose.有了冰箱和冷藏技术之后，冰淇淋制造业也随之蓬勃发展，一九一九年美国制造了一亿五千万加仑的冰淇淋。今天，只要走几步路，你就可以在住处附近的冰淇淋店好好地享用一番了，唯一的困难是选择何种口味的冰淇淋。英译汉翻译赏析176段（52）Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered why the stars twinkle? In fact, the stars themselves do not actually twinkle--the illusion is caused by the numerous layers of atmosphere between us and them.你是否曾抬头仰望夜空，思索着星星为什么会一闪一闪呢？事实上，星星本身并不能闪烁，感觉到星星在闪烁其实是一种幻觉，而这种幻觉是由于我们和星星之间的多层大气所造成的英译汉翻译赏析176段（53）As the air in the earth"s atmosphere swirls around over our heads, the light passing through it from space to earth is continually bent in different directions. This causes a rippling effect, like when you observe something underwater, or look down a hot road in the summer. To our eyes, the stars appear to twinkle.当大气中的空气在我们上方旋动，光线穿过大气层，从太空照射到地球，并且往不同方向折射，这样便形成了涟漪般的效应，这就好像你看着水底下的东西，或是在夏天里望着炙热的马路，道理是一样的。所以，在我们眼中，星星在闪烁。英译汉翻译赏析176段（54）The planets, however, seem to twinkle less. They are much closer to the earth, so they appear as relatively broad reflective bodies rather than points of light. Because of this, the twinkling effect is very small. This is one way to tell whether you"re looking at a planet or a star.然而行星似乎不怎么闪烁。由于距离地球较近，行星看起来像是会反射的球体，而不是一个光点。因此行星闪烁的效果不甚明显。这点有助于辨别你所看到的究竟是行星还是星星。英译汉翻译赏析176段（55）But why do stars shine in the first place? A star is made when a huge cloud of mostly hydrogen gas collapses. As the cloud gets denser, it also gets hotter. Finally, the center of the cloud gets so hot that it begins to produce its own energy through nuclear reactions. The temperature in the middle of our sun is about fifteen million degrees. That"s hard to imagine!不过星星为何会发光呢？当一个主要由氢气组成的星气团崩解时，一颗星星就形成了。当云变得更绸密时，温度也会跟着升高，最后，星云的中心温度不断升高，然后就形成核反应所产生的能量。太阳中心点的温度大约是一千五百万度，真是令人难以想象。英译汉翻译赏析176段（56）Just like people, stars also have lifespan. A star keeps the same color and shape for most of its life. But when it gets very old, it swells into what is called a red giant. After reaching this stage, some stars begin to cool down and grow dim. Other stars explode into spectacular supernovas.就像人类一样，星星也有平均寿命。星星的一生大多数会维持相同的颜色与形状，但是当时间一久，就会膨胀变成红色的巨星，这时，有些星星的温度会开始下降，光度也随之下降。有些星星会爆炸，形成壮观的超新星。英译汉翻译赏析176段（57）Finland has much more to offer than the cold nights, saunas, and skiing it is often associated with. Visitors are enchanted by charming villages alongside sophisticated cities and the largest unspoiled wilderness in Europe.芬兰除了常被人们想到的寒夜、桑拿浴与滑雪，还有更多风格独特的面貌。优雅城市周边的迷人村庄和欧洲占地最广、未遭破坏的荒野，往往令游客们陶醉不已。英译汉翻译赏析176段（58）Finland is one of the most progressive countries in the world. For example, traffic fines are linked to gross income; an Internet millionaire recently paid US$70,000 for a speeding ticket. A reputation for efficiency and organization has also made Finland host to many international meetings.芬兰是全球最发达的国家之一。举个例子，其交通罚款的金额视个人总收入而定。最近一名网络巨子就因超速驾驶支付了7万美元的罚单。芬兰也因其高效率和组织能力的美誉而主办了许多国际会议。英译汉翻译赏析176段（59）This modern country maintains its traditions and hearty spirit, celebrating many festivals. Its most popular Midsummer Day finds many Finns lighting bonfires and drinking enthusiastically at their country homes. Finland is also home to the world s longest-running rock festival, Ruisrock. The best-known event is the Savolinna Opera Festival, while the strangest is probably the annual wife-carrying championship, where the winner is awarded his wife s weight in beer.这个现代化的国家仍保留其传统和蓬勃的朝气，为许多节日举办庆祝活动。在芬兰最受欢迎的 施洗约翰节 这天，可以看见许多芬兰人在他们自己的乡间农舍，点燃篝火，痛快畅饮一番。芬兰也是世界上历史最悠久的摇滚音乐节 刘易斯摇滚 的主办地。节庆中最富盛名的，首推 沙弗力拿歌剧节 ；而最匪夷所思的，则是一年一度的扛老婆大赛，大赛冠军可赢得和老婆重量相当的啤酒。英译汉翻译赏析176段（60）This modern country maintains its traditions and hearty spirit, celebrating many festivals. Its most popular Midsummer Day finds many Finns lighting bonfires and drinking enthusiastically at their country homes. Finland is also home to the world s longest-running rock festival, Ruisrock. The best-known event is the Savolinna Opera Festival, while the strangest is probably the annual wife-carrying championship, where the winner is awarded his wife s weight in beer.这个现代化的国家仍保留其传统和蓬勃的朝气，为许多节日举办庆祝活动。在芬兰最受欢迎的 施洗约翰节 这天，可以看见许多芬兰人在他们自己的乡间农舍，点燃篝火，痛快畅饮一番。芬兰也是世界上历史最悠久的摇滚音乐节 刘易斯摇滚 的主办地。节庆中最富盛名的，首推 沙弗力拿歌剧节 ；而最匪夷所思的，则是一年一度的扛老婆大赛，大赛冠军可赢得和老婆重量相当的啤酒。英译汉翻译赏析176段（61）Our sensitivity to physical beauty is not something we can control at will. We are born with it. Experiments showed that even small infants prefer to look at attractive faces. Before they have met a single supermodel, before they have watched a single TV show, before they have opened up a single fashion magazine, they are drawn to the same faces which adults have judged to be attractive.我们对外在美的敏感，不是可以控制自如的。我们天生就这么敏感。心理学家朱迪丝蓝洛斯的实验显示，就连小婴儿也喜欢看漂亮的脸。他们从来没有见过超级名模、没看过电视节目，也没翻开过时尚杂志，却已经受到大人也认为有魅力的脸庞所吸引。英译汉翻译赏析176段（62）There are more important things in life than beauty. But as Etcoff says, We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it. If you aim to be wise and kind and funny, it doesn"t mean that you can"t also try your best to look beautiful. There"s no reason to feel guilty about being moved by beauty"s power. It moves us all.人生中有比美丽更重要的事，但就如艾特考夫所说： 我们必须了解美，否则我们永远都会是它的奴隶。 如果你的目标是要聪明、仁慈又风趣，这并不代表你就不能尽力让自己变得漂亮。被美的力量感动，并不需要有罪恶感，因为所有的人都受它感动。英译汉翻译赏析176段（63）Chatting on the Internet can be a fun and exciting experience. Often, chat rooms are divided into topics so that users can find chat friends with common interests. People from all over the world can enter the same chat room, so it is very easy to meet people from different countries. Some chat friends actually meet in real life and become real friends. A number of others even start dating!网上聊天的经历可以是有趣又刺激的。通常各聊天室是按主题来区分，所以用户可以找到有相同嗜好的聊友。世界各地的人都可以进入同一个聊天室，所以很容易 遇见 来自不同国家的人。其实有些网友会在现实生活中见面而成为真正的朋友，有些甚至就开始约会了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（64）There are many good things about the Internet. However, chatting is not without its dangers. It is easy to fool people when they cannot see you, so one should use caution when meeting a chat friend. Also, the virtual world of the Internet can be so intoxicating that some people actually become addicted. These people spend so much time on the Internet that their virtual lives become more important to them than their real lives. Clearly, this is not very healthy. Therefore, when using the Internet, be sure to do it in moderation.网络有很多好处，不过网上聊天并不是没有危险的。由于看不见对方，要骗人是很容易的。所以，网上交友必须非常谨慎。另外，网上的虚拟世界让人陶醉，以至于有些人会因此沉迷其中而无法自拔。这些人花太多时间上网了，对他们而言，虚拟世界变得比真实世界还要重要。很显然，这不很健康。所以在上网时，还是要有所节制才好。英译汉翻译赏析176段（65）Patients and medical practitioners alike have long believed in the healing power of humor. It is claimed that humor not only affects patients" moods, but can actually help them recover faster. Several studies, as well as a lot of anecdotal evidence, seem to support this. Patients in better spirits are known to have higher immune cell counts. Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of serious illnesses by reading comics and watching comedies.长期以来，病人和医生都相信幽默能治病。有人宣称，幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪，还能使他们早日康复。好几项研究和很多奇闻轶事的证据似乎都能证明这一点。情绪比较好的病人，免疫细胞计数比较高。有一些人甚至宣称通过看漫画和喜剧治好了自己的重病。上英译汉翻译赏析176段（66）Despite all this, many researchers are not convinced. They point to the fact that many afflictions have been known to disappear spontaneously, with or without a daily dose of laughter. They also say that while optimism in general does seem to be related to better health, it is hard to tell which comes first.尽管如此，许多研究人员并没有被说服。他们指出，事实上不论病人是否接受日剂量的笑疗，很多苦恼都会自动消失。他们也表示，虽然一般看来乐观的心态确实与健康有联系，但是很难确定这两者哪个在先英译汉翻译赏析176段（67）Humor in times of stress, however, clearly makes us feel better. On one level, it takes our minds off our troubles and relaxes us. On another, it releases powerful endorphins in the brain that act to alleviate pain. Of course, humor is largely an individual matter. The next time your friend does not get one of your jokes, there is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain. However, you might suggest that he lighten up for the health of it.在受到压力时诙谐，无疑会使我们心情舒畅。从某个方面而言，笑能使我们远离烦恼，身心放松。就另一个方面来说，诙谐的时候脑部会释放能量强大的脑内啡肽来减轻疼痛。当然，笑话是否好笑是因人而异的。下次你的朋友听不懂你讲的笑话时，没有必要笑人家笨。但是，你可以建议为了健康，让他放轻松点儿。英译汉翻译赏析176段（68）It is no wonder that ice cream is one of the world"s most popular snack foods. Walking into an ice cream shop, one is confronted with a myriad of enticing flavors, from vanilla to chocolate, banana to mocha, cheesecake to rainbow. Other choices available are abundant in fruit, nuts, cookie bits, and pieces of chocolate bars.冰淇淋绝对是世界上最受欢迎的零食之一。一走进冰淇淋店，眼前全是令人垂涎欲滴的各种口味的冰淇淋，从香草、巧克力、香蕉、 穆哈咖啡、酪饼、七色彩虹、水果、坚果、饼干片、巧克力棒，应有尽有。英译汉翻译赏析176段（69）Ice cream remained a treat for the elite until around 1670, when the masses were finally allowed to sample the delicacy in Paris"s first coffeehouses. By the beginning of the next century, ice cream was enjoying tremendous popularity, and recipe books detailing its preparation began to appear.吃冰淇淋一直是王公贵族独享的权利，直到一六七○年，普通大众才得以在巴黎最早的咖啡馆尝到这种人间美味。到了十八世纪，冰淇淋广泛受到人们的喜爱，在新推出的食谱中也详细记载了冰淇淋的制作方法。英译汉翻译赏析176段（70）Americans got their first taste of ice cream in the 1700s. It was a favorite dessert of George Washington, and records reveal that the president himself purchased a machine for making it. Thomas Jefferson followed suit, having learned how to make the icy treat while in France. He was the first president to serve it at a White House state banquet.十八世纪，美国人第一次尝到冰淇淋。冰淇淋是乔治 华盛顿总统最喜欢的甜点，根据记载，总统为了要制作冰淇淋，还亲自买了一部机器。曾在法国学过制作冰淇淋的汤玛士 杰佛逊总统也是如此，并且他还成为第一位把冰淇淋端上白宫国宴的总统英译汉翻译赏析176段（71）Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities. The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort. A distinguished teacher and president of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts.天赋或许是不必要的，即使是具备最高天赋的人也不轻视使用一般性的才能。最伟大的人物一直列身于最不相信天赋力量的人们之中，他们像一般的成功者一样，是善于处世和坚韧不拔的。一位杰出的教师兼大学校长说，天赋是努力赋予的力量。英译汉翻译赏析176段（72）Newton"s was unquestionably a mind of the very highest order, and yet, when asked by what means he had worked out his extraordinary discoveries, he modestly answered, By always thinking unto them. It was in Newton"s case, as in every other, only by diligent application and perseverance that his great reputation was achieved.无可争议，牛顿的头脑是最高才智的头脑，然而当问到他是用什么方法获得惊人的发现时，牛顿谦虚地回答： 全靠对那些问题不断地深思。 牛顿的事例和其它事例一样，就是靠孜孜不倦的努力和坚持不懈的精神，他才获得了极大的声望。英译汉翻译赏析176段（73）To wait patiently, however, men must work cheerfully. Cheerfulness and diligence are nine-tenths of practical wisdom. They are the life and soul of success, as well as of happiness; perhaps the very highest pleasure in life consisting in clear, brisk, conscious working; energy, confidence, and every other good quality mainly depending upon it.不过，要想耐心地等待，人们必须愉快地工作。愉快和勤奋就是绝大部分的实用智慧。两者不仅是幸福的关键，也是成功的关键；或许人生最大的乐趣莫过于明确、轻快、自觉地工作；干劲、自信及其它好品质基本上全有赖于此。英译汉翻译赏析176段（74）One of the most successful, influential and beloved women in American history, Eleanor Roosevelt once said that she had one regret: she wished she had been prettier. Who hasn"t felt the same way? We are all too aware of our physical imperfections. To overcome them, we spend billions upon billions of dollars every year-on cosmetics, diet products, fashion, and plastic surgery.身为美国史上最成功、最有影响力且最受人喜爱的女性之一的罗斯福夫人曾说她有一个遗憾：她希望自己长得更漂亮。谁没有过同样的想法呢？我们都强烈感觉到自己身体的缺陷。为了克服缺陷，我们每年都要花费几十亿美元 在化妆品、减肥食品、流行时尚与整容手术上。英译汉翻译赏析176段（75）Why do we care so much about how we look? Because it matters. Because beauty is powerful. Because even when we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise and funny, we are still moved by beauty. No matter how much we argue against it or pretend to be immune, beauty exerts its power over us. There is simply no escape.我们为何如此在意自己的外貌？因为它很重要。因为美的力量很大。因为即使我们学着按仁慈、智能、风趣去评介一个人，但我们仍会受到美的感动。无论我们多么用力辩驳，或假装对它免疫，美仍然对我们产生影响，根本无法逃避。英译汉翻译赏析176段（76）Aristotle said, Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction. It"s not fair, but it"s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay, and people will think that it is more creative and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author.英译汉翻译赏析176段（77）As children, beautiful people are more likely to become favorites with parents and teachers. Later, they"re more likely to get good jobs and promotions. Beautiful lawyers get paid more than their less attractive colleagues. Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy of judges and juries. Attractive people in need are more likely to receive help from strangers.漂亮的小孩比较容易获得父母与老师的宠爱。长大后，他们比较容易找到好工作与获得升迁。漂亮的律师赚的钱比卖相较差的同事多。长得好的罪犯比较容易获得法官与陪审团的同情。有吸引力的人在穷困时，获得陌生人帮助的机率也比较大。英译汉翻译赏析176段（78）Many of the physical features that make us attractive to one another are, in fact, signals of our health and fertility. For thousands of years, women have been using makeup to try to look like teenagers. Why? Men everywhere find young, fertile women to be the most sexually attractive.许多使我们对他人具有吸引力的身体特征，其实是表现健康与生育能力的征兆。数千年来，女性一直用化妆品来使自己看起来像少女。为什么？因为世界各地的男人都觉得年轻而有生育能力的女性最具有性吸引力。英译汉翻译赏析176段（79）These days, in addition to cosmetics, women and men both rely on advanced technology to enhance their beauty. Wrinkles can be stretched away with a face lift. Special injections can make lips look attractively young and plump. Countless creams and chemicals promise clear, glowing skin for men and women. Besides being a sign of youth, good skin also means that the person is likely to be healthy and free from parasites.除了化妆品之外，最近的男女都仰赖先进的科技来使自己变得更美。拉皮可以拉掉皱纹，特殊的注射可以使嘴唇年轻饱满、更加迷人。无数种面霜与化学药品保证男男女女都能拥有晶莹光润的肌肤。除了是年轻的象征之外，美丽的肌肤也代表这个人可能很健康，没有寄生虫英译汉翻译赏析176段（80）Still, it"s possible to go too far. At the end of the 19th century, some women even had ribs removed so they"d have that perfect narrow waist. Some people today have poison injected in the face to get rid of wrinkles, even though this means that their facial muscles will be paralyzed, unable to express certain emotions.不过，还是有可能做得太过火。十九世纪末，有些女人甚至拿掉一些肋骨，只为拥有完美的柳腰。今天有些人在脸上注射毒药来消除皱纹，即使脸部肌肉会因此瘫痪而做不出某些表情，也在所不惜。英译汉翻译赏析176段（81）To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people"s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on time. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually don"t try that at work.对美国人来说，守时是一种尊重他人时间的表现。通常若约会迟到超过10分钟，就应该向对方道歉或解释原因。知道自己会迟到的人往往会先打个电话，让对方知道自己会晚一点到。当然，会面场合愈不正式，精确准时的重要性就愈小。举例来说，在非正式的聚会中，人们往往会在约定时间过后30分钟才到，不过，他们上班通常就不会这样做。英译汉翻译赏析176段（82）American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to change it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just drop by unannounced.美国人的生活型态表现出他们对别人的时间有多尊重。当人们在计划一项活动时，通常会在几天或几个星期前把时间定好。时间一旦决定，除非情况紧急，否则不会轻易改变。如果有人想到家里拜访你，他们通常会先打电话过来，以确定你是否方便，只有很熟的朋友才会未经通知就突然造访。英译汉翻译赏析176段（83）Even Americans would admit that no one can master time. Time-like money-slips all too easily through our fingers. And time-like the weather-is very hard to predict. Nevertheless, time is one of life"s most precious gifts. And unwrapping it is half the fun.不过连美国人都承认，没有人能够完全掌握时间。时间就像金钱一样，很容易就从我们的指间溜走；时间也像天气一样，是很难预测的。然而，时间是生命中最宝贵的礼物之一，而拆开（这项难以掌握和预料的）礼物本身就已经是一种乐趣了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（84）In many parts of the world, there are four seasons: spring, summer, fall and winter. In the U.S., there are only three: football, basketball and baseball. That"s not completely true, but almost. In every season, Americans have a ball. If you want to know what season it is, just look at what people are playing. For many Americans, sports do not just occupy the sidelines. They take center court.世界上的许多地方，一年有四季：春、夏、秋、冬。美国，却只有三季：橄榄球、篮球和棒球季。这并非完全正确，但也差得不远了。每一个季节，美国人都有乐趣。若你想知道此季为何，看看人们正在打什么球就行了。对于多数美国人而言，运动并非只是一旁站的小消遣，它是生活中很重要的一环。英译汉翻译赏析176段（85）Besides the big three sports, Americans play a variety of other sports. In warm weather, people enjoy water sports. Lovers of surfing, sailing and scuba diving flock to the ocean. Swimmers and water skiers also revel in the wet stuff. From the first snowfall, skiers hit the slopes. Frozen ponds and ice rinks become playgrounds for skating and hockey. People play indoor sports whatever the weather. Racquetball, weightlifting and bowling are year-round activities.除了这 三大运动 ，美国人还做许多其它的运动。天热时，他们喜欢水上运动。冲浪、驾帆船和潜水的爱好者群集于海中。游泳和滑水者，也纵情于水中。从下雪的头一天起，滑雪者便登上雪坡。结了冰的池塘和溜冰场成了溜冰和冰上曲棍球的场地。不论气候如何，人们都从事户内运动。回力球、举重和保龄球都是全年性的活动。英译汉翻译赏析176段（86）For many people in the U.S., sports are not just for fun. They"re almost a religion. Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favorite teams and athletes play in person. Other fans watch the games at home, glued to their TV sets. America"s devotion to athletics has created a new class of wealthy people: professional athletes. Sports stars often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in advertisements for soft drinks, shoes and even toiletries.对许多的美国人而言，运动不只是为了好玩。它几乎成了一种宗教崇拜，数以千计的运动迷会为了能亲眼目睹他们喜爱的球队或运动员比赛而出高价购买门票。其它的球迷则守在家里寸步不离地收看电视转播。美国人对于运动的投入形成了一个新的富有阶级：职业运动员。运动明星通常会收到上百万元的薪水。其中有些人甚至是因为替饮料、鞋，甚至个人化妆用品拍广告而赚了一大笔钱。英译汉翻译赏析176段（87）Not all Americans worship sports, but athletics are an important part of their culture. Throughout their school life, Americans learn to play many sports. All students take physical education classes in school. Many people also enjoy non-competitive activities like hiking, biking, horseback riding, camping or hunting. To communicate with American sports nuts, it helps if you can talk sports.并非所有的美国人都崇拜运动，但运动的确是他们文化当中极为重要的一部份。在他们的学校生活当中，美国人学习许多运动。所有的学生都必须在学校修体育课。许多人也喜欢从事一些非竞争性的活动像健行、骑单车、骑马、露营或打猎。要和美国运动迷沟通，最好是能畅谈运动。英译汉翻译赏析176段（88）Many sports were imported from other countries. European immigrants brought tennis, golf, bowling and boxing to America. Football and baseball came from other Old World games. Only basketball has a truly American origin. Even today some formerly foreign sports like soccer are gaining American fans. In 1994 the U.S. hosted the World Cup for the first time ever.许多的运动是从外国引进来的。欧洲移民把网球、高尔夫、保龄球和拳击带进了美国。橄榄球和棒球则源自其它的欧洲传统比赛。只有篮球是唯一真正源自美国本土。即使在今日，一些原本是外来的运动例如英式足球也吸引了许多的美国运动迷。在一九九四年，美国首次负责举办世界杯足球赛。英译汉翻译赏析176段（89）The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind. They who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful.人生最大的成就通常是靠简单的方法和运用一般的才干获得的。普通的日常生活以及其中的忧虑、各种不可避免之事和种种职责提供了取得最好经验的很多机会。那些最坚毅而又最诚挚地工作的人常常是最成功的人。英译汉翻译赏析176段（90）Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. The commoner qualities are the most useful--such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance.人们经常指责运气是盲目的；但是运气并不像人那样盲目。那些观察实际生活的人会发现运气通常支持勤劳的人，正如风浪支持最优秀的航海家一样。较普通的素质是最有用的 诸如常识、专心、勤奋和锲而不舍。英译汉翻译赏析176段（91）For more than a hundred years people have reported seeing a large creature in the forest of the Northwestern United States. Footprints have been found which might have come from a man-like ape about 7 or 8 feet tall. The footprints are sixteen inches long. They are so large that people have come to call this creature by the name Bigfoot.一百多年来，人们不断地报告在美国西北的森林中看到了巨大的动物。被发现的脚印可能来自一个七八尺高的类人猿。脚印有十六英寸长。脚印是那么的大，所以人们把这动物叫做 大脚印 。英译汉翻译赏析176段（92）People who claim to have seen Bigfoot do not agree about what he or she looks like, but they do agree that Bigfoot stays away from human beings. As soon as people enter the forest, Bigfoot hides from view. Scientists do not know whether Bigfoot really exists. Some scientists think people have fabricated these stories to amuse or to trick their friends, but other scientists feel these accounts are quite true.声称看到过大脚印的人对他或她的长相意见不一，不过一致同意大脚印躲着人类。一旦人们进入树林，大脚印就从人们的视线消失。科学家们不确定大脚印是否真的存在。一些科学家认为人们编造这些故事来逗朋友乐或是跟朋友开玩笑，可其它科学家感到这些记录相当真实。英译汉翻译赏析176段（93）Each year the Academy Award is given to the best picture, the best actor, the best actress, and to many other people in the movie world. The Award, first given in 1927, went to the film Wings, which was silent. Pictures with sound became increasingly successful within the next year and began winning the Award regularly after 1928. The Academy Award Winner that has earned the most money is The Godfather, one of the most popular films ever made.每年，奥斯卡金像奖都颁发给最佳摄影、最佳男演员、最佳女演员和其它的许多电影界人士。奥斯卡金像奖于1927年首次颁发给影片《Wings》, 那是部无声电影。后来的几年，有声电影日益成功，并在1928年后开始不断的赢得奥斯卡奖。赚钱最多的获奖电影是《教父》，这是电影史上最受欢迎的影片之一。英译汉翻译赏析176段（94）The F.B.I. regularly makes up a list of the nation"s ten worst criminals. This list, called the Ten Most Wanted. is posted as widely as possible. Pictures of the wanted men and women appear in post offices, newspapers, and police stations. Publicity helps the police to track down people on the list. Once a face becomes widely known it is difficult for the criminal to hide.美国联邦调查局定期地整理一份全国十个最严重罪犯的清单。这个被称作 十个最主要的通缉犯 的清单被尽可能的广泛发布。通缉犯的照片出现在邮局、报纸和警察局。大众的注意有助于警察追捕清单上的罪犯。一旦罪犯的面容变得人人皆知，他想要躲起来就难了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（95）The feats accomplished by the strongest men and women are almost beyond belief. The most incredible stunt of all was carried out by Frank Richards. He stood next to a cannon which fired a cannon ball into his stomach. His stomach was so strong that the cannon ball bounced back. These feats may seem impossible, but we are sure they actually happened.最强壮的男人和女人所成就的壮举几乎让人无法相信。当中最让人难以置信的绝技由弗兰克 查里兹创下。他站在一个大炮旁，由大炮射了一发炮弹到他的肚子上，他的肚子是那么的强壮以至炮弹被弹了回去。这个壮举似乎是不可能的，可我们确定实际上确实有这回事。英译汉翻译赏析176段（96）Sometimes, parts of the body stop working properly and we get sick. This may happen because the body becomes infected by germs from outside, or because something is damaged inside the body. Doctors do tests and use their knowledge and experience to find out what is wrong with their patients.有时，我们身体的某些部位完全停止工作，我们就病了。这可能是因为我们的身体被外界的细菌感染了，或者是因为身体的内部的某些部位损伤了了。医生进行检查并用他们的知识和经验做找出病人的问题。英译汉翻译赏析176段（97）A fit body is one that can perform everyday tasks without getting tired and breathless. Staying fit helps people stay healthy into old age. Fitness depends on eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly. There are three types of fitness-flexibility, stamina, and strength.一个健康的身体是指一个人可以完成每天的工作而不会感到很疲倦和上不来气。保持健康帮助人们健康的进入老年。健康状况取决于平衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼。有三种健康指标 灵活性，耐力，强度。英译汉翻译赏析176段（98）Look at people in the street, and you will notice many differences. But look again and see if you can spot the similarities-such as the way people shrug their shoulders, frown when they are thinking, wave good-bye, or laugh at a joke. You will see behavior like this all around the world.看路上的人们，你会发现有很多不同。但当你再看一遍，你就会找到相同之处 人们耸肩的方式，思考的时候皱眉头，挥手说再见，或是因一个笑话发笑。你会在世界各地看到类似这样的举止。英译汉翻译赏析176段（99）Surprises often come in boxes. Birthday presents wrapped in colorful paper, brown paper packages mailed from a friend. No matter what kind of box it is, people like to open it up and see what"s inside. In America, and in many other countries, one special kind of box contains the future. It"s called a ballot box. What people put into the box on Election Day can change the course of history.惊奇常常是在箱子里出现：包在彩色包装纸里面的生日礼物 朋友寄来牛皮纸包的包裹 不论是怎样的箱子，人们喜欢打开来看看里面是什么。在美国以及其它许多国家，有一个特殊的箱子关系着未来，称为投票箱。人们在选举日投在箱子里的东西可以改变历史的走向。英译汉翻译赏析176段（100）Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means the people rule, an important concept in America"s history. In the mid-1700s, England began passing laws that made the American colonies angry. The colonists had to pay more and more taxes and enjoyed less and less freedom. They felt the government of England didn"t represent their interests. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence from England. They wanted to establish a democracy where people could have a voice in government.选举是民主的原动力。民主这个字照字面的意思是 人民自主 ，是美国历史中一个重要的观念。十八世纪中期，英国开始通过一些使美国殖民地愤怒的法律。殖民地人民必须付愈来愈多的税，享有愈来愈少的自由。他们感到英国政府没有代表他们的权益。一七七六年七月四日，殖民地宣布脱离英国独立。他们想要建立民主制度，使人们在政府中有发言权。英译汉翻译赏析176段（101）The great Pyramid of Cheops has been described as the most spectacular wonder of the world. It was originally built as a burial place for King Cheops, who lived more than 4,000 years ago. It is made almost entirely of stone and contains more than 2 million blocks, some of which weigh more than 2 tons.宏伟的胡夫金字塔被描述成世界上最壮观的奇迹。它最初是建作胡夫国王的坟墓，胡夫国王活在4000多年前。金字塔几乎整个都是石头建的，使用了超过200万块石块，有些石块重量超过两吨。英译汉翻译赏析176段（102）In many jungle films, the gorilla is seen as a fierce hunter, much like the leopard or the lion. In recent years, many investigators of forest life have painted a far different picture. Gorillas do not fight except in self-defense, and they do not eat meat when it is fed to them in zoos. Despite their powerful bodies and frightening appearance, they seem to be quite peaceful.在很多丛林的影片中，大猩猩被看作凶猛的猎手，很像美洲豹或狮子。最近几年，很多森林生物的研究者们描绘了一副完全不同的画面。除了自卫，大猩猩是不会打斗的。在动物园里，它们不吃人们喂的肉，尽管他们有强大有力的身躯和吓人的外貌，但它们似乎也相当安静。英译汉翻译赏析176段（103）Although fish do not produce sound the same way that humans do, they are by no means silent. When scientists brought listening devices down under the sea, they heard a large collection of whistles, beeps, and grunts. Poets who spoke of the silence under the seas did not realize that the underwater world is quite noisy.尽管鱼类不像人类一样发声，可它们绝不是默不作声的。当科学家把收听设备装到海底，他们听到了大量各种各样的口哨声、嘟嘟声和哼哼声。诗人们在描述海底的宁静时并没有意识到水下世界其实是很喧哗的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（104）Many studies have shown that people with education are more successful in their life careers. Yet many famous people had very little education. Mark Twain, one of our most famous writers, and Charlie Chaplin, the great movie comedian, dropped out of school before 8th grade. The Wright brothers, who developed our first airplanes, never graduated from high school. Education is a great help, but it is possible to be successful even if you leave school early.很多研究表明，受过教育的人在他们的职业生涯中(比没受过教育的人)更成功。然而，许多很著名的人只受了很少的教育。最著名的作家之一马克 土温以及伟大的喜剧演员查理 卓别林都在8年级之前就退了学。发明了我们的第一架飞机的怀特兄弟连高中都没读完。教育对人帮助很大，但即使你很早就离开了学校，你还是有可能会成功的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（105）The black belt is the highest level in karate. The student must master hundreds of skills to reach this high standard. The beginner must practice constantly, aiming chops and jabs at an imaginary partner. Later the student hardens the side of the hand by chopping into piles of sand. Finally, the advanced student practices self-control. This last step is also the hardest.黑腰带级是空手道的最高级别。学员必需掌握了数百种技巧才能达到这么高标准的。初学者必需坚持不懈的练习，瞄准假想对手不断猛击。接下来，学员们就要通过打击沙袋练硬他们的拳头。最后，高级学员要学会自我控制。最后的一步也是最难的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（106）Television sets are found in almost every American home. Nine out of ten Americans watch at least one television show a day. Children watch a great deal of television; 4-year-olds watch about 27 hours of television each week. But older people watch television more than any other age group. Men and women over the age of 55 watch more than 32 hours of T.V. each week.电视机差不多遍及美国的每个家庭。十分之九的美国人每天至少看一个电视节目。小孩们看好多的电视(节目)，四岁大的孩子一周大约要看上27 小时的电视，然而老年人比其他年龄段的人看得更多。55岁以上的男女每周要看超过32小时的电视节目。英译汉翻译赏析176段（107）The cold is our most common disease. Millions of people suffer discomfort from one or more colds each year. The cause of this illness is a virus. But as yet no cure has been found. It is believed that rest and liquids help our bodies fight this virus.感冒是最常见的疾病。数以百万计的人每年遭受一次或几次感冒带来的不适。这种疾病是由病毒引起，但治愈的方法至今未被发现。人们相信休息和大量饮水会帮助我们的身体抵抗这种病毒。英译汉翻译赏析176段（108）Many Americans enjoy watching sports. For many years the favorite sport in this country has been football. Football games draw a very large audience. Year after year the most important games have attracted many millions of viewers. Although professional football is the nation"s favorite spectator sport, professional baseball is also very popular. Indeed, people who live in the Eastern United States list baseball as their favorite sport. Basketball is almost as popular as football and baseball. Other sports which many people enjoy watching include tennis, boxing, and golf.很多美国人喜欢看体育比赛。多年来这个国家最受欢迎的体育运动是橄榄球。橄榄球比赛吸引了大量的观众。每年最重要的赛事都吸引了大批数以百万计的人们观看。尽管职业橄榄球是美国最受欢迎的具有观众群的运动，职业棒球也很受欢迎。确实，住在美国东部的人们把棒球列为他们最喜爱的运动。篮球几乎和橄榄球、棒球一样受欢迎。很多人喜欢看的运动还有网球、拳击和高尔夫球。英译汉翻译赏析176段（109）Primitive umbrellas have been used for more than 2,000 years. However, the type of umbrella we use today was designed less than 3 hundred years ago. Our present umbrella is made of steel covered with cloth. It was first produced in the late 1700"s. This umbrella was invented by six men, working together, and the product was so popular that each inventor made more than a million dollars. The invention of the parachute is believed to have come from the design of the umbrella.原始的伞曾用了2000多年。然而，我们现今用的这类伞设计还不足300年。我们当今的伞是用钢做骨架，用布包着，于十八世纪末首次被制造出来。这种伞是由六个人一起发明的，这个产品是那么的流行，以至每个发明者都赚了不止100万美元。降落伞的发明据说是源自伞的设计。英译汉翻译赏析176段（110）A hurricane is a storm which can cause terrible destruction and death. Hurricanes bring tremendously strong winds, so strong they can knock down buildings. The wind travels as fast as a speeding automobile and often it is accompanied by heavy rain. Weather scientists keep track of hurricanes. They find hurricanes by using cameras in satellites, and they try to discover where the hurricanes are heading. When people are informed that a hurricane is heading their way, they move to a safer place. This new science has saved many lives.飓风是一种能造成严重伤亡的暴风雨。飓风带来可怕的强风，风的强度可以刮倒建筑物。风速就像疾驰的汽车一样快，还经常伴随着暴雨。气象专家跟踪着飓风，他们通过卫星上的照相机找到飓风并尝试找出飓风的路线。当人们得到通知飓风会吹向他们时，他们就搬到安全的地方。新的科技挽救了很多生命。英译汉翻译赏析176段（111）Meat is kept fresh by storing it in refrigerators. However, there are other ways of keeping meat fresh. For example, it can be rubbed with salt or can be dried or smoked. These ways were popular before the refrigerator was invented, but they are no longer used as much.肉可以通过储藏在冰箱里保鲜。当然，还有别的方法可以让肉保持新鲜。比如，我们可以把盐搓在肉上，或是晒干，又或是用烟熏。这些方法在冰箱没有被发明以前很普遍，但已经不再那么常用。英译汉翻译赏析176段（112）In the 20th century, machines are run mostly by electricity. Two hundred years ago electricity was not in common use. Machines were often run by water, and therefore many factories grew up by running rivers. Today, however, factories can be placed far from our rivers.在20世纪，机器大都是电动的。两百年前，电还没有广泛的应用，机器都是靠水力发动，因此，工厂都是开在流动的江河边。然而，现今的工厂可以开在远离河流的地方。英译汉翻译赏析176段（113）Wars kill millions of people. But war is not the only cause of large-scale death. 700 years ago a terrible disease called the Bubonic Plague killed more than 40 million people. In Europe it killed 1 person in 3.战争夺走了数百万人的生命。可战争不是大规模死亡的唯一成因。700多年前的一种叫黑死病的可怕疾病夺走了超过4000万人的生命。在欧洲，三个人中就有一人死于这种病英译汉翻译赏析176段（114）People often kill each other. In wars, millions of people may be killed by other humans. But animals rarely kill their own kind. Male wolves, for example, may have a bloody fight to decide who will lead the pack. But the loser just lies down on his back and surrenders. The loser is not killed.人类经常会互相残杀。在战争中，数以百万计的人有可能被他人杀掉。但动物很少会杀死自己的同类。比如，公狼可能要靠一场惨烈的打斗来决定谁是领头，可失败的狼也只是躺倒投降。输掉的狼不会被杀。英译汉翻译赏析176段（115）It is said that thousands of years ago people lived to a very old age. Scientists cannot prove or disprove these accounts. Perhaps Methuselah lived hundreds of years. Perhaps this is only an exaggerated account. The greatest age to which a person has lived in our time was only a little more than 113 years. Mrs. Delina Filkins died at the age of 113 years, 214 days. Scientists are sure of her birthday and the date of her death.据说数千年前人们的寿命很长。科学家们不能证实也没办法反驳这些说法。可能Methuselah是活了几百年，也可能这只是一个夸张的记述。在我们的时代最长寿的一个人也只活了113岁多一点。 Delina Fikins死时是113岁零214天。科学家们确定她的生辰和死亡日期。注：Methuselah n.玛土撒拉(《圣经 创世记》人物,据传享年969岁)英译汉翻译赏析176段（116）Pets get sick just like humans. They often need medicine just as we do. It is not easy to get dogs and cats to take the medicine they need. At first we would try to force our dog"s mouth open and drop in the pills. But we found this was a difficult task. We now prefer to mix the medicine with our pet"s favorite food. This way works much better.宠物就像人类一样会生病，它们像我们一样经常需要药品。让狗或猫吃它们需要的药并非易事。首先我们得强迫我们的狗张开嘴然后把药滴进去，但我们发现这是很难的任务。现在我们更喜欢把药混在宠物喜欢的食物中，这种方法好多了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（117）Superman appeared in his first comic book in 1938. At first the writers did not give him great powers. He was able to stop bullets, but he could be knocked down by a shell shot from a cannon. Within a few years, the writers decided to make him stronger. They gave him X-ray vision. Then they gave him the ability to fly. Today they have made him even stronger. Now he can even withstand the power of nuclear bombs.1938年，超人第一次漫画书中。开始时作者并没有给他强大的力量。他可以挡住子弹，但可能会被大炮射来的炮弹击倒。几年中，作者决定让他更强壮。他们给他X光的视觉，然后给他可以飞的能力。如今他们把他搞得更加强壮。他现在甚至可以抵挡核爆的力量。英译汉翻译赏析176段（118）Dinosaurs were once found all over the earth. Now they are gone. They have all died out. No one is sure how this happened. Some scientists believe the weather changed. Some believe disease killed them all. All that we can be sure of is that once they lived.恐龙曾遍布地球的每个角落，现在他们没了，全部都灭绝了。没有人确定这是怎么发生的。一些科学家认为气候变了，还有一些认为是疾病导致它们灭绝。我们所能确定的就是它们曾经生存过。英译汉翻译赏析176段（119）Most Americans visit dentists to have their teeth checked. Dentists state that 2 visits a year are desirable. However, most people go only once a year. Americans visit dentists much more frequently than most other people in the world. Still, there are many adults who have never been inside a dentist"s office. And some of these people are in need of a dentist"s care.大多数美国人去看牙医作牙齿检查。牙医指出，一年查两次是必要的。然而，大多数人每年只看一次。美国人看牙医比世界上大多数人都勤快，但仍然有些成人从未踏进牙医诊所半步，这些人当中有些是需要牙医照料的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（120）What happens to a man who does not sleep? Peter Tripp decided to find out. He went without sleep for 200 hours. After 30 hours he found that his eyes began to play tricks on him. Chairs seemed to move by themselves. The floor looked like it, too, was moving. After about 100 hours Tripp could not do simple things. He could not remember the alphabet. After 150 hours he had trouble remembering his name. After 200 hours he went to sleep. When he woke up, he felt fine.如果一个人不睡觉会怎么样？Peter Tripp决定查出真相。他共坚持了200个小时没睡觉。30小时后他发现他的眼睛开始玩他，椅子会自己动，好像地板也是一样在移动。大概100小时的时候，Tripp连简单的事都不能做，他连字母表也记不起来。过了150小时，他想自己的名字都有问题。过了200小时，他就睡了。当他醒了的时候，他感觉还好。英译汉翻译赏析176段（121）For more than a hundred years people have reported seeing a large creature in the forest of the Northwestern United States. Footprints have been found which might have come from a man-like ape about 7 or 8 feet tall. The footprints are sixteen inches long. They are so large that people have come to call this creature by the name Bigfoot.一百多年来，人们不断地报告在美国西北的森林中看到了巨大的动物。被发现的脚印可能来自一个七八尺高的类人猿。脚印有十六英寸长。脚印是那么的大，所以人们把这动物叫做 大脚印 。英译汉翻译赏析176段（122）People who claim to have seen Bigfoot do not agree about what he or she looks like, but they do agree that Bigfoot stays away from human beings. As soon as people enter the forest, Bigfoot hides from view. Scientists do not know whether Bigfoot really exists. Some scientists think people have fabricated these stories to amuse or to trick their friends, but other scientists feel these accounts are quite true.声称看到过大脚印的人对他或她的长相意见不一，不过一致同意大脚印躲着人类。一旦人们进入树林，大脚印就从人们的视线消失。科学家们不确定大脚印是否真的存在。一些科学家认为人们编造这些故事来逗朋友乐或是跟朋友开玩笑，可其它科学家感到这些记录相当真实。英译汉翻译赏析176段（123）Each year the Academy Award is given to the best picture, the best actor, the best actress, and to many other people in the movie world. The Award, first given in 1927, went to the film Wings, which was silent. Pictures with sound became increasingly successful within the next year and began winning the Award regularly after 1928. The Academy Award Winner that has earned the most money is The Godfather, one of the most popular films ever made.每年，奥斯卡金像奖都颁发给最佳摄影、最佳男演员、最佳女演员和其它的许多电影界人士。奥斯卡金像奖于1927年首次颁发给影片《Wings》, 那是部无声电影。后来的几年，有声电影日益成功，并在1928年后开始不断的赢得奥斯卡奖。赚钱最多的获奖电影是《教父》，这是电影史上最受欢迎的影片之一。英译汉翻译赏析176段（124）The F.B.I. regularly makes up a list of the nation"s ten worst criminals. This list, called the Ten Most Wanted. is posted as widely as possible. Pictures of the wanted men and women appear in post offices, newspapers, and police stations. Publicity helps the police to track down people on the list. Once a face becomes widely known it is difficult for the criminal to hide.美国联邦调查局定期地整理一份全国十个最严重罪犯的清单。这个被称作 十个最主要的通缉犯 的清单被尽可能的广泛发布。通缉犯的照片出现在邮局、报纸和警察局。大众的注意有助于警察追捕清单上的罪犯。一旦罪犯的面容变得人人皆知，他想要躲起来就难了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（125）The feats accomplished by the strongest men and women are almost beyond belief. The most incredible stunt of all was carried out by Frank Richards. He stood next to a cannon which fired a cannon ball into his stomach. His stomach was so strong that the cannon ball bounced back. These feats may seem impossible, but we are sure they actually happened.最强壮的男人和女人所成就的壮举几乎让人无法相信。当中最让人难以置信的绝技由弗兰克 查里兹创下。他站在一个大炮旁，由大炮射了一发炮弹到他的肚子上，他的肚子是那么的强壮以至炮弹被弹了回去。这个壮举似乎是不可能的，可我们确定实际上确实有这回事英译汉翻译赏析176段（126）Sometimes, parts of the body stop working properly and we get sick. This may happen because the body becomes infected by germs from outside, or because something is damaged inside the body. Doctors do tests and use their knowledge and experience to find out what is wrong with their patients.有时，我们身体的某些部位完全停止工作，我们就病了。这可能是因为我们的身体被外界的细菌感染了，或者是因为身体的内部的某些部位损伤了了。医生进行检查并用他们的知识和经验做找出病人的问题。英译汉翻译赏析176段（127）A fit body is one that can perform everyday tasks without getting tired and breathless. Staying fit helps people stay healthy into old age. Fitness depends on eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly. There are three types of fitness-flexibility, stamina, and strength.一个健康的身体是指一个人可以完成每天的工作而不会感到很疲倦和上不来气。保持健康帮助人们健康的进入老年。健康状况取决于平衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼。有三种健康指标 灵活性，耐力，强度英译汉翻译赏析176段（128）Look at people in the street, and you will notice many differences. But look again and see if you can spot the similarities-such as the way people shrug their shoulders, frown when they are thinking, wave good-bye, or laugh at a joke. You will see behavior like this all around the world.看路上的人们，你会发现有很多不同。但当你再看一遍，你就会找到相同之处 人们耸肩的方式，思考的时候皱眉头，挥手说再见，或是因一个笑话发笑。你会在世界各地看到类似这样的举止。英译汉翻译赏析176段（129）Surprises often come in boxes. Birthday presents wrapped in colorful paper, brown paper packages mailed from a friend. No matter what kind of box it is, people like to open it up and see what"s inside. In America, and in many other countries, one special kind of box contains the future. It"s called a ballot box. What people put into the box on Election Day can change the course of history.惊奇常常是在箱子里出现：包在彩色包装纸里面的生日礼物 朋友寄来牛皮纸包的包裹 不论是怎样的箱子，人们喜欢打开来看看里面是什么。在美国以及其它许多国家，有一个特殊的箱子关系着未来，称为投票箱。人们在选举日投在箱子里的东西可以改变历史的走向.英译汉翻译赏析176段（130）Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means the people rule, an important concept in America"s history. In the mid-1700s, England began passing laws that made the American colonies angry. The colonists had to pay more and more taxes and enjoyed less and less freedom. They felt the government of England didn"t represent their interests. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence from England. They wanted to establish a democracy where people could have a voice in government.选举是民主的原动力。民主这个字照字面的意思是 人民自主 ，是美国历史中一个重要的观念。十八世纪中期，英国开始通过一些使美国殖民地愤怒的法律。殖民地人民必须付愈来愈多的税，享有愈来愈少的自由。他们感到英国政府没有代表他们的权益。一七七六年七月四日，殖民地宣布脱离英国独立。他们想要建立民主制度，使人们在政府中有发言权。英译汉翻译赏析176段（131）In many jungle films, the gorilla is seen as a fierce hunter, much like the leopard or the lion. In recent years, many investigators of forest life have painted a far different picture. Gorillas do not fight except in self-defense, and they do not eat meat when it is fed to them in zoos. Despite their powerful bodies and frightening appearance, they seem to be quite peaceful.在很多丛林的影片中，大猩猩被看作凶猛的猎手，很像美洲豹或狮子。最近几年，很多森林生物的研究者们描绘了一副完全不同的画面。除了自卫，大猩猩是不会打斗的。在动物园里，它们不吃人们喂的肉，尽管他们有强大有力的身躯和吓人的外貌，但它们似乎也相当安静。英译汉翻译赏析176段（132）Although fish do not produce sound the same way that humans do, they are by no means silent. When scientists brought listening devices down under the sea, they heard a large collection of whistles, beeps, and grunts. Poets who spoke of the silence under the seas did not realize that the underwater world is quite noisy.尽管鱼类不像人类一样发声，可它们绝不是默不作声的。当科学家把收听设备装到海底，他们听到了大量各种各样的口哨声、嘟嘟声和哼哼声。诗人们在描述海底的宁静时并没有意识到水下世界其实是很喧哗的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（133）Many studies have shown that people with education are more successful in their life careers. Yet many famous people had very little education. Mark Twain, one of our most famous writers, and Charlie Chaplin, the great movie comedian, dropped out of school before 8th grade. The Wright brothers, who developed our first airplanes, never graduated from high school. Education is a great help, but it is possible to be successful even if you leave school early.很多研究表明，受过教育的人在他们的职业生涯中(比没受过教育的人)更成功。然而，许多很著名的人只受了很少的教育。最著名的作家之一马克 土温以及伟大的喜剧演员查理 卓别林都在8年级之前就退了学。发明了我们的第一架飞机的怀特兄弟连高中都没读完。教育对人帮助很大，但即使你很早就离开了学校，你还是有可能会成功的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（134）Many studies have shown that people with education are more successful in their life careers. Yet many famous people had very little education. Mark Twain, one of our most famous writers, and Charlie Chaplin, the great movie comedian, dropped out of school before 8th grade. The Wright brothers, who developed our first airplanes, never graduated from high school. Education is a great help, but it is possible to be successful even if you leave school early.很多研究表明，受过教育的人在他们的职业生涯中(比没受过教育的人)更成功。然而，许多很著名的人只受了很少的教育。最著名的作家之一马克 土温以及伟大的喜剧演员查理 卓别林都在8年级之前就退了学。发明了我们的第一架飞机的怀特兄弟连高中都没读完。教育对人帮助很大，但即使你很早就离开了学校，你还是有可能会成功的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（135）The black belt is the highest level in karate. The student must master hundreds of skills to reach this high standard. The beginner must practice constantly, aiming chops and jabs at an imaginary partner. Later the student hardens the side of the hand by chopping into piles of sand. Finally, the advanced student practices self-control. This last step is also the hardest.黑腰带级是空手道的最高级别。学员必需掌握了数百种技巧才能达到这么高标准的。初学者必需坚持不懈的练习，瞄准假想对手不断猛击。接下来，学员们就要通过打击沙袋练硬他们的拳头。最后，高级学员要学会自我控制。最后的一步也是最难的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（138）Many Americans enjoy watching sports. For many years the favorite sport in this country has been football. Football games draw a very large audience. Year after year the most important games have attracted many millions of viewers. Although professional football is the nation"s favorite spectator sport, professional baseball is also very popular. Indeed, people who live in the Eastern United States list baseball as their favorite sport. Basketball is almost as popular as football and baseball. Other sports which many people enjoy watching include tennis, boxing, and golf.很多美国人喜欢看体育比赛。多年来这个国家最受欢迎的体育运动是橄榄球。橄榄球比赛吸引了大量的观众。每年最重要的赛事都吸引了大批数以百万计的人们观看。尽管职业橄榄球是美国最受欢迎的具有观众群的运动，职业棒球也很受欢迎。确实，住在美国东部的人们把棒球列为他们最喜爱的运动。篮球几乎和橄榄球、棒球一样受欢迎。很多人喜欢看的运动还有网球、拳击和高尔夫球。英译汉翻译赏析176段（139）Primitive umbrellas have been used for more than 2,000 years. However, the type of umbrella we use today was designed less than 3 hundred years ago. Our present umbrella is made of steel covered with cloth. It was first produced in the late 1700"s. This umbrella was invented by six men, working together, and the product was so popular that each inventor made more than a million dollars. The invention of the parachute is believed to have come from the design of the umbrella.原始的伞曾用了2000多年。然而，我们现今用的这类伞设计还不足300年。我们当今的伞是用钢做骨架，用布包着，于十八世纪末首次被制造出来。这种伞是由六个人一起发明的，这个产品是那么的流行，以至每个发明者都赚了不止100万美元。降落伞的发明据说是源自伞的设计。英译汉翻译赏析176段（140）A hurricane is a storm which can cause terrible destruction and death. Hurricanes bring tremendously strong winds, so strong they can knock down buildings. The wind travels as fast as a speeding automobile and often it is accompanied by heavy rain. Weather scientists keep track of hurricanes. They find hurricanes by using cameras in satellites, and they try to discover where the hurricanes are heading. When people are informed that a hurricane is heading their way, they move to a safer place. This new science has saved many lives.飓风是一种能造成严重伤亡的暴风雨。飓风带来可怕的强风，风的强度可以刮倒建筑物。风速就像疾驰的汽车一样快，还经常伴随着暴雨。气象专家跟踪着飓风，他们通过卫星上的照相机找到飓风并尝试找出飓风的路线。当人们得到通知飓风会吹向他们时，他们就搬到安全的地方。英译汉翻译赏析176段（141）In the 20th century, machines are run mostly by electricity. Two hundred years ago electricity was not in common use. Machines were often run by water, and therefore many factories grew up by running rivers. Today, however, factories can be placed far from our rivers.在20世纪，机器大都是电动的。两百年前，电还没有广泛的应用，机器都是靠水力发动，因此，工厂都是开在流动的江河边。然而，现今的工厂可以开在远离河流的地方。英译汉翻译赏析176段（142）Wars kill millions of people. But war is not the only cause of large-scale death. 700 years ago a terrible disease called the Bubonic Plague killed more than 40 million people. In Europe it killed 1 person in 3.战争夺走了数百万人的生命。可战争不是大规模死亡的唯一成因。700多年前的一种叫黑死病的可怕疾病夺走了超过4000万人的生命。在欧洲，三个人中就有一人死于这种病。英译汉翻译赏析176段（143）People often kill each other. In wars, millions of people may be killed by other humans. But animals rarely kill their own kind. Male wolves, for example, may have a bloody fight to decide who will lead the pack. But the loser just lies down on his back and surrenders. The loser is not killed.人类经常会互相残杀。在战争中，数以百万计的人有可能被他人杀掉。但动物很少会杀死自己的同类。比如，公狼可能要靠一场惨烈的打斗来决定谁是领头，可失败的狼也只是躺倒投降。输掉的狼不会被杀。英译汉翻译赏析176段（144）It is said that thousands of years ago people lived to a very old age. Scientists cannot prove or disprove these accounts. Perhaps Methuselah lived hundreds of years. Perhaps this is only an exaggerated account. The greatest age to which a person has lived in our time was only a little more than 113 years. Mrs. Delina Filkins died at the age of 113 years, 214 days. Scientists are sure of her birthday and the date of her death.据说数千年前人们的寿命很长。科学家们不能证实也没办法反驳这些说法。可能Methuselah是活了几百年，也可能这只是一个夸张的记述。在我们的时代最长寿的一个人也只活了113岁多一点。 Delina Fikins死时是113岁零214天。科学家们确定她的生辰和死亡日期。注：Methuselah n.玛土撒拉(《圣经 创世记》人物,据传享年969岁)英译汉翻译赏析176段（145）Pets get sick just like humans. They often need medicine just as we do. It is not easy to get dogs and cats to take the medicine they need. At first we would try to force our dog"s mouth open and drop in the pills. But we found this was a difficult task. We now prefer to mix the medicine with our pet"s favorite food. This way works much better.宠物就像人类一样会生病，它们像我们一样经常需要药品。让狗或猫吃它们需要的药并非易事。首先我们得强迫我们的狗张开嘴然后把药滴进去，但我们发现这是很难的任务。现在我们更喜欢把药混在宠物喜欢的食物中，这种方法好多了。英译汉翻译赏析176段（146）Superman appeared in his first comic book in 1938. At first the writers did not give him great powers. He was able to stop bullets, but he could be knocked down by a shell shot from a cannon. Within a few years, the writers decided to make him stronger. They gave him X-ray vision. Then they gave him the ability to fly. Today they have made him even stronger. Now he can even withstand the power of nuclear bombs.1938年，超人第一次漫画书中。开始时作者并没有给他强大的力量。他可以挡住子弹，但可能会被大炮射来的炮弹击倒。几年中，作者决定让他更强壮。他们给他X光的视觉，然后给他可以飞的能力。如今他们把他搞得更加强壮。他现在甚至可以抵挡核爆的力量。英译汉翻译赏析176段（147）Dinosaurs were once found all over the earth. Now they are gone. They have all died out. No one is sure how this happened. Some scientists believe the weather changed. Some believe disease killed them all. All that we can be sure of is that once they lived.恐龙曾遍布地球的每个角落，现在他们没了，全部都灭绝了。没有人确定这是怎么发生的。一些科学家认为气候变了，还有一些认为是疾病导致它们灭绝。我们所能确定的就是它们曾经生存过。英译汉翻译赏析176段（148）Most Americans visit dentists to have their teeth checked. Dentists state that 2 visits a year are desirable. However, most people go only once a year. Americans visit dentists much more frequently than most other people in the world. Still, there are many adults who have never been inside a dentist"s office. And some of these people are in need of a dentist"s care.大多数美国人去看牙医作牙齿检查。牙医指出，一年查两次是必要的。然而，大多数人每年只看一次。美国人看牙医比世界上大多数人都勤快，但仍然有些成人从未踏进牙医诊所半步，这些人当中有些是需要牙医照料的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（149）What happens to a man who does not sleep? Peter Tripp decided to find out. He went without sleep for 200 hours. After 30 hours he found that his eyes began to play tricks on him. Chairs seemed to move by themselves. The floor looked like it, too, was moving. After about 100 hours Tripp could not do simple things. He could not remember the alphabet. After 150 hours he had trouble remembering his name. After 200 hours he went to sleep. When he woke up, he felt fine.如果一个人不睡觉会怎么样？Peter Tripp决定查出真相。他共坚持了200个小时没睡觉。30小时后他发现他的眼睛开始玩他，椅子会自己动，好像地板也是一样在移动。大概100小时的时候，Tripp连简单的事都不能做，他连字母表也记不起来。过了150小时，他想自己的名字都有问题。过了200小时，他就睡了。当他醒了的时候，他感觉还好。英译汉翻译赏析176段（150）Cells in the human skin produce a substance called melanin. When sunlight hits the skin, more melanin is produced. Melanin darkens the skin and is the cause of suntan. Most people tan evenly all over the body, but some people tan just in spots. These little islands of suntan are the cause of freckles.人类皮肤里的细胞产生一种物质叫黑色素。当阳光照到皮肤，会产生更多的黑色素。黑色素使皮肤变黑是人被晒黑的原因。大多数人是整个身体均匀的晒黑，可一些人是局部晒黑。这些小黑斑就形成了雀斑。英译汉翻译赏析176段（151）A game of soccer is split into two halves of 45 minutes each, with a 15-minute break at halftime. A referee and two assistants make sure that nobody cheats or breaks the rules. Each soccer team has eleven players and three substitute, or reserve players. The team consists of a goalkeeper, defenders, midfield players, and forwards (or strikers). The object of the game is to get the ball into your opponent s goal.足球比赛分为两个半场，每半场各45分钟，上下半场中间有15分钟的休息时间。比赛有一位主裁判和两名助理裁判，他们的职责是监督是否有球员作弊或者是犯规。每支球队有11名场上队员和3名替补队员。球队包括守门员、防守队员、中场队员和前锋。比赛的目的就是要将足球踢入对方的球门。英译汉翻译赏析176段（152）It"s an age-old dispute: Men are from Mars. Women are from Venus. Males and females show different behaviors almost from birth. Researchers say these behaviors are due to basic differences in brain structure and activity. Studies show men are better at hitting targets and solving math problems while women are better at memorizing words and recognizing faces. Why the difference?这是一个自古就存在的争论：男人来自火星，女人来自金星。男人和女人几乎自出生起就有不同的行为。研究人员表示，这些行为是由大脑结构和大脑活动的基本差异所引起的。研究显示男人较擅长于射中标靶和解决数学问题，而女人则比较擅长记忆文字和辨识脸孔。为什么会有这种差异呢？英译汉翻译赏析176段（153）A test of the brain"s electrical activity shows that women commonly use both sides of their brain while men rely more on one. Scientists already know that the two sides of the brain control different functions-one controlling the sense of space, for example, the other controlling language. Some researchers believe that the different ways men and women use their brains evolved from ancient times, when cave men hunted and women cared for the children. Men had to have good aim. Women had to talk to the kids.检验大脑的电流活动显示，女人通常是左右脑并用，而男人则比较常使用一边的大脑。科学家已经知道左右两边的大脑掌管不同的功能 例如一边掌管空间感，另一边掌管语言。有些研究人员相信，男女使用大脑方式的差异从远古时代演化而来，当时穴居的男人负责狩猎，女人则负责照顾小孩。所以男人必须擅长瞄准，女人则必须和小孩说话。英译汉翻译赏析176段（154）Most Americans say they exercise almost every day. Walking is the favorite exercise. Swimming comes next. Biking is very popular, and so are running or jogging. The other favorites are baseball, football, and softball.大多数美国人说他们几乎每天都有锻炼。步行是最受喜爱的锻炼，游泳其次。骑自行车非常流行，跑步和慢跑也是。其他受欢迎的运动是棒球，橄榄球和垒球。英译汉翻译赏析176段（155）Diamonds are found in a wide variety of forms. Most are small and uneven. They can be used in factories but they are not very valuable. However, some diamonds are large and can be cut into beautiful gems. These gems can be worn as jewelry and are of great value.钻石种类繁多，形状多样。大多数都是很小也不均匀，这些可用在工厂但并不贵重。然而，一些钻石很大，可以切成宝石。这些宝石作为珠宝佩戴，价值连城。英译汉翻译赏析176段（156）Dogs generally do not live more than 20 years. But there have been a few exceptions. Good records exist for several dogs which are known to have lived between 20 and 25 years. The oldest reliable age for a dog is a little beyond 29 years. It is believed that very few dogs have lived much beyond this age.狗一般活不过20年，但也有些例外，最佳记录是有些狗曾活了20至25年。狗最长寿的可靠年龄是29年多一点点，很少的狗会活得过这个年纪太多。英译汉翻译赏析176段（157）Animals sleep in many different ways. Most prefer to sleep lying down. Some, like the giraffe, sleep standing up. A few water birds sleep standing on just one leg. Bats adopt the strangest way of all animals. They sleep upside down.动物睡觉的方式各异，大多数是躺着睡。有些动物像长颈鹿，是站着睡觉。有些水鸟一只脚站着睡。蝙蝠采用动物中最奇异的方式睡觉，它们是倒挂着睡。英译汉翻译赏析176段（158）A movie actor will sometimes have a fight in which he breaks a chair over another man"s head. How does he do it without injuring the other actor? The trick is to use a chair made of very light wood. A chair made of balsa wood is very light. If you"re hit with a balsa wood chair you won"t be injured.一个电影演员有时要打斗，打斗过程中他会在另一个人的头上打碎把椅子。他要怎样做才不会伤到另一个演员？窍门是使用很轻的木头制成的椅子。一个用软木制成的椅子非常轻，如果你被这种轻木椅子砸上了，你是不会受伤的。英译汉翻译赏析176段（159）It is hard to make a good wood fire unless you"ve learned how to do it. The most important rule is to select the right wood. Dry wood is best. Don"t cut down a healthy tree for firewood. Living trees have sap, which feels wet and doesn"t burn easily. Dry wood which has been dead for a year or two burns most easily.除非你学过了怎么点燃木火，要不然弄好一堆篝火是很难的。最重要的一条是挑选合适的木头。干木头是最好的，不要把好树砍了做柴火。还长着的树有树液，潮湿不容易点着。枯了一两年的干木头最容易烧。英译汉翻译赏析176段（160）Meat is kept fresh by storing it in refrigerators. However, there are other ways of keeping meat fresh. For example, it can be rubbed with salt or can be dried or smoked. These ways were popular before the refrigerator was invented, but they are no longer used as much.肉可以通过储藏在冰箱里保鲜。当然，还有别的方法可以让肉保持新鲜。比如，我们可以把盐搓在肉上，或是晒干，又或是用烟熏。这些方法在冰箱没有被发明以前很普遍，但已经不再那么常用。英译汉翻译赏析176段（161）Today women have the right to vote. It seems impossible to believe that this right was ever denied to them. Yet it wasn"t until 1920 that the 19th Amendment was passed which gave women that right. Perhaps sometime before the year 2010 we will have our first woman president. That will be a great triumph for all women.今天的女性拥有选举权。好像很难相信她们曾经没有这个权力。然而一直到1920年，第19个修正案才通过了赋予女性选举权。可能在2010年之前某个时候我们会选出第一个女总统。这将是所有女性的一个大胜利。英译汉翻译赏析176段（162）I don"t agree with people who say chess is a very slow game. People who don"t know much about chess think that players spend hours on a move. But they are wrong. Chess players move quite quickly. They usually take only a minute or two for a move.我不同意人们说象棋是种很慢的游戏。不懂象棋的人认为参赛者用几个小时挪一步棋，可他们错了。棋手们下得很快，他们通常只用一两分钟就走一步棋。英译汉翻译赏析176段（163）A new kind of operation has become possible. Doctors take out part of the human body and replace it with artificial parts. Teeth are replaced with silver or gold, and blood vessels are replaced with plastic tubing. These artificial parts work almost as well as the real ones. People live longer and more comfortable lives thanks to this medical advance.一种新的外科手术变成可能。医生把人体的一部分摘除，用人造器官替换。牙齿用银或金替换，血管用塑料管替换。这些人工器官几乎和真的器官一样工作。全靠这些医学的进步，人们才得以活的更长寿更舒适。英译汉翻译赏析176段（164）Movie monsters seem large and frightening on the screen. Often they seem as large as buildings, and they appear to walk hundreds of feet with each step. Actually, they are just small models no bigger than your arm. Skillful camera techniques make them seem very large.电影里的怪物看上去又大又吓人。他们常常看起来好像跟高楼一样大，一步就走几百尺远。实际上他们只是很小的模型，不会比你的胳膊大。精湛的照相技术让他们看上去巨大无比。英译汉翻译赏析176段（165）In the Old West many people were tricked into buying fake gold mines. A dishonest man would buy some land and then put some gold rock where it could be easily found. The man who found the gold would buy the land expecting to find large amounts of additional treasure. But the defrauded sucker would never find any more gold.在旧时候的西部很多人被骗买了假的金矿。一个骗子会买一块土地，然后放一些金放在容易被发现的地方。找到金矿的人就会买那块地以期望发现更多的宝藏。但这些被骗的傻瓜再也没能发现更多的金子。英译汉翻译赏析176段（166）In our country schools are closed during the summer. This custom was important 200 years ago when most people were farmers. People needed their children to help them pick the crops in June, July and August. But few people are farmers anymore. Today many parents feel school should be open during the summer months.在美国，学校在夏天都放假。这个习俗在200年前是很重要的，当时大多数人都是农民，人们在6至8月份需要孩子们帮助收割庄稼。但现今，只有极少数人是农民，许多家长感到学校应该在夏天开放。英译汉翻译赏析176段（167）Chemical weapons are abundant in variety. Their effectiveness is determined by several factors, including age, purity, weather conditions, and choice of dissemination. They include nerve agents, blister agents, and choking agents, all of which can be ingested through the eyes, lungs, or skin. Sarin, a type of nerve gas, was used by the Aum Shinrikyo cult in March 1995, killing 12 people and injuring more than 5,500 on a Tokyo subway.化学武器种类繁多。它们的效力是由几种因素决定的，包括年限、纯度、气候状况，以及散布途径。化学武器包括神经毒、疱毒和窒息毒，它们都能通过眼睛、肺部或皮肤被人体吸收。沙林是一种神经性毒气，1995年3月奥姆真理教在东京地铁站使用，造成12人丧命，5，500多人受伤。英译汉翻译赏析176段（168）Biological weapons, by definition, are any infectious agent, such as a bacterium or virus, used deliberately to inflict harm on soldiers and civilians alike. This classification can include toxins and poisons derived biologically. Biological weapons can be produced nearly anywhere, from government labs to suburban kitchens.从定义来看，生物武器是指任何蓄意用来伤害士兵和老百姓等的传染手段，如细菌或病毒等。这类武器包括用生物学方法培植出来的毒素和毒药。生物武器几乎到处都可以制造，从政府实验室，到郊区的厨房。英译汉翻译赏析176段（168）Biological weapons, by definition, are any infectious agent, such as a bacterium or virus, used deliberately to inflict harm on soldiers and civilians alike. This classification can include toxins and poisons derived biologically. Biological weapons can be produced nearly anywhere, from government labs to suburban kitchens.从定义来看，生物武器是指任何蓄意用来伤害士兵和老百姓等的传染手段，如细菌或病毒等。这类武器包括用生物学方法培植出来的毒素和毒药。生物武器几乎到处都可以制造，从政府实验室，到郊区的厨房。英译汉翻译赏析176段（170）Although people of different ethnicities have been mixing for centuries, the subject of interracial relationships is still controversial. Even now, mixed couples face many obstacles, including laws restricting interracial marriage.尽管不同种族的人们已经通婚好几个世纪了，然而不同种族之间的关系仍然是一个引起争议的话题。即使是现在，异族男女之间的婚姻仍然面临着重重阻碍，包括限制异族通婚的法律英译汉翻译赏析176段（171）It was only in 1967 that the United States finally struck down its anti miscegenation laws. Opposition to interracial relationships exists for different reasons, but what it usually boils down to is racism.直到1967年，美国才废除了反种族通婚的法律。反对异族联姻有不同的理由，但通常可以归结为种族歧视的原因。英译汉翻译赏析176段（172）As the world is becoming smaller, the number of interracial couples is growing, especially in countries with large numbers of immigrants. For interracial couples, love knows no color. Cultural differences are just another area of the relationship to work through.世界变得愈小，异族婚姻的数量随之增多，尤其是移民众多的国家。对于异族婚配的伴侣而言，爱是没有肤色之分的。文化差异不过是这种关系所要解决的另一方面的问题。英译汉翻译赏析176段（173）But as interracial dating becomes more common, it does not treat all ethnic groups equally. In the United States, the vast majority of white/black couples involve a black man and a white woman. Conversely, the same number of Asian/white couples consists of an Asian woman with a white man. The proposed reason for this is that traditionally, women prefer men who are stronger and seem more masculine than they are. For men, the opposite is true.然而，尽管不同种族男女之间的约会变得越来越普遍，不同种族群之间的约会机会却并不均等。在美国，绝大多数的黑白不同肤色的配偶都是黑人男子和白人女子。相反地，同样数量的亚裔∕白人夫妇则是由亚裔女子和白人男子组成。出现这种现象的原因是因为传统上女人偏爱比自己强壮且外表比较阳刚的男人。而男人的喜好则相反。英译汉翻译赏析176段（174）Consequently, this leaves some groups out in the cold. But in the future, a greater mixing of ethnicities and erosion4 of gender stereotypes may balance out these dating patterns as people gain a more genuine appreciation of one another"s differences.这样一来，某些种族群便遭到了冷落。但在将来，随着人们更能真正欣赏彼此间的差异，更大规模的种族通婚和对社会性别的固定成见的消除或许能使以上的约会模式变得平衡。英译汉翻译赏析176段（175）A thousand years ago, only rich people owned books. Before the printing press was developed, books were largely written by hand. Large sums of money were needed to buy books. Only the richest people could afford to have libraries in their homes.一千多年前，只有有钱人才拥有书。在印刷术发明以前，书大都是用手写出来的。买书要花好多钱。只有最富的人才可以供得起家庭图书馆。英译汉翻译赏析176段（176）Football is played in all weathers, including rain and snow. It is played in the mud and on unbearable hot days. Players break their heads and their knees just to catch a dirty piece of leather.我们可以在各种气候下玩橄榄球，包括雨天和雪天。可以在泥地里踢，也可以在难耐的大热天里踢。选手们撞破了头和膝盖就为了抢到那个脏皮球。

解放军文职招聘考试英语否定句翻译的方法和技巧-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

发布时间：2017-06-05 20:39:19英语否定句翻译的方法和技巧（一）否定的分类英汉在两种语言中否定都可以分为完全否定，部分否定和双重否定三种类型（二）英语中否定含义的表达方法1. 通过词汇除了否定副词例如 not, no , nor, neither, never ,其他词汇也常用来表达否定的意义动词及动词短语如: fail, deny, miss, refrain (from),prevent (from),etc.具有否定意义的名词如: absence, omission, failure, neglect, ignorance, etc.形容词及形容词短语: free from, missing, ignorant, far from, blind to,etc.否定连词: rather than, or, unless, until ,etc.具有否定意义的介词如: but, except, without, beyond,etc.在表示双重否定时往往借助 no doubt, no wonder, nothing more than , nothing but 等搭配.2. 借助结构与表达方式英语中经常采用比较比较结构、迂回说法、和赌咒、感叹的方式来表示否定意义。常见的可用于表示否定意义的比较结构有：more( )than can, other than , would rather than ,etc.采用迂回说法采用迂回的说法表示否定是指不直接说出 不 字，而是通过种种方式暗示出否定的意义。常用的词汇和结构包括 the last, the least, the limit, too to ,too for由于在英语中有更多的方式表达否定的意义，在英汉两种语言相互翻译的过程中，应当使得译文符合汉语的特点和表达方式。（三）英语否定句翻译的方法和技巧1. 将英语的否定句翻译为汉语的否定句（1).完全否定在大多数情况下英语中的完全否定句可以直接翻译为汉语中的完全否定句e.g. (a) If this substance can not conduct electricity ,neither will it conduct heat.如果这种物质不传电，它也就不传热。The negative adverb not neither is translated into 不 不 in Chinesee.g.(b) I do not want to be an intelligent and capable woman.我不想做 女强人 。否定的谓语动词 do not want to 在汉语中被翻译为 不想 。（2). 部分否定e.g. (a)All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电性能。短语 all not 被翻译为汉语中相应的部分否定 不是所有的 都 现在，短语 not all 更常用来表达部分否定，所以这句子也可翻译为 Not all metals conduct electricity equally well.、e.g. (b) He is so selfish that hardly anybody likes him.他太自私了，几乎没有人喜欢他。The word hardly is translated into 几乎没有 to show the partial negative（3）.双重否定双重否定句就是在一个句子中同时使用两个否定词，或者使用一个否定词和一个含有否定意义的词或短语。两次运用否定词语实际上起到了相互抵消否定意义的作用，但是同时整句话变成了强势的肯定。双重否定的语言现象在汉语和英语中普遍存在，因此英语中的双重否定可以翻译为汉语中的双重否定。e.g. (a)No one comes to the Hall of Trinity without a reason无事不登三宝殿。no without 在汉语中用相对应的结构 无 不 ,表达出来，同时原句的肯定语气得到加强e.g. (b)The earth satellite would not get into space without enough acceleration.没有足够的加速度，地球卫星是不能进入太空的。原句中 Not without 被翻译为双重否定结构 没有 不能e.g. (c)No one who returned from front failed to express admiration for Doctor Bethune wherever his name mentioned and none remained unmoved by his spirit.In ShanxiChaharHebei aera, no soldier or civilian was unmoved who had been treated by Dr. Bethune,or had seen how he worked.凡是从前线回来的人，提起白求恩的名字，没有一个不佩服，没有一个不为他的精神所感动。晋察冀边区军民凡亲身受过白求恩医生治疗或亲眼看过白求恩医生工作的，无不为之感动。原句中运用了三次双重否定 no fail none unmoved no unmoved .相应的在汉语中我们运用 没有 不 没有 不 , 无不 来表达肯定的含义同时加强了语气和感情2.将英语的否定句翻译为汉语的肯定句翻译过程中的这种转化是基于东西方心理文化的差异和思维方式的不同，从而使得译文符合目标语的特点。这种转化的目的在于：（1）. 符合汉语习惯的表达方式e.g. (a)It will not be long before I go back to my hometown.我很快就可以回老家了。It will not be long before 是英语中用来表达肯定含义的固定句式，因此在翻译为汉语时我们可以用肯定句使得句子含义表达的更加清晰易懂。e.g. (b)No pains, no gains.一分耕耘，一分收获。e.g. (c)Two of a trade did never agree.同行是冤家。e.g. (d)You can not make omelet without breaking eggs.有失才有得。将英语中的谚语翻译为汉语中具有相同意义的谚语或固定的表达，能够使得译文更易被读者理解接受。e.g. (e) These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100.C这些细菌要在温度达到100摄氏度时才会死亡。双重否定结构 not until 被翻译为 要 才 从而汉语将不可缺少的条件表达的更加清晰，容易理解。（2). 为了使原句中隐含意义表达更加明确。e.g. (a)As compared with others he is no ordinary professor.与其他人相比，他是位非凡的教授。在汉语中，我们用 非凡的 翻译了 not ordinary ，使得意思表达更加直接，便于理解e.g. (b)He never flinched from any difficulties.在困难面前，他总是永往直前。汉语用 总是 翻译了 never .英语的否定句被翻译为具有强烈肯定语气的句子，从而使得赞美之情表达的更直接。（3).满足语气的需要e.g. (a)There is no machine but will lose energy when in motion.所有的机器在运转时都要损失能量。英语中的双重否定结构 no but 及汉语词组 所有 都 都具有加强肯定语气的作用。e.g. (b)Their successes are nothing short of miraculous.他们的成功简直是个奇迹。在汉语中用 简直 表达出了意想不到吃惊的语气。3.否定转移英译汉时，将英语的否定部分进行否定成分的转译，往往是考虑到汉语表达习惯的需要。通常否定的转移可以分为三类：（1）.英语否定主语，汉语否定谓语e.g. (a)Matter must move, or no work is done.物质必须运动，否则就没有做功。e.g. (b)Without the sun, nothing could live.如果没有太阳，什么也不能存在。e.g. (c)Not a fly nor a mosquito was found around here.这里周围，无论是苍蝇还是蚊子，一只也找不到。上面三句话，翻译为汉语时否定部分由主语转移到谓语从而句子更加通顺。（2). 英语否定宾语，汉语否定谓语e.g. (a)Two months had passed, but her burnt arm showed no sign of healing.两个月过去了，但是她烧伤的手臂仍然不见复原的迹象。e.g. (b)We know nothing about the matter.我们全然不知道这件事。英语中的否定可以出现在宾语中，而在翻译为汉语时转移到谓语，从而符合汉语的表达方式在第二例子中，原句中的 nothing 被翻译为对谓语的否定 不了解 ,另外用了副词 全然 使得翻译忠实于原句的意义。（3). 英语中否定主句谓语，汉语否定分句谓语e.g. (a)I do not believe that they will oppose your proposal.我相信他们是不会反对你的建议的。在原句中否定词 not 被用来否定 think 而汉语中 不会 用来否定 反对e.g. (a)I do not think that they will arrive on time.我们认为他不可能按时到达。e.g. (b)She does not feel that she can stand her husband s insult any longer.她觉得她再也不能忍受她丈夫的侮辱。以上这种否定的转移是有条件的，即必须是由that 引导的（或省略了that 的）宾语从句，而且主句的谓语必须是think , believe 等与人的看法情感有关的动词。否定句翻译英汉两种语言在表达否定的方式和手段上有很大差别。比如说，英语中否定句的否定范围具有不同的情况。因此，英语中的很多否定句都是有歧义的。在阅读时只能通过上下文来得出正确的结论，排除歧义。此外，英语中否定句的重心也是阅读中应当注意的问题。一般说来，从语法上来看，not与谓语动词连用时，是否定谓语动词的；no与名词连用时，是否定名词的。但是，从否定的重心来看，却并非如此。举个简单例子：Don t give up because it is difficult.这句话就只能理解为：不要因为困难就放弃。另外，还需要注意的是，不定代词中的every、all、both以及副词quite、always等，与否定词结合时，不是全部否定，而是部分否定，即，不是 全不是 ，而是 不全是 。以上所说的都是在阅读否定句时应当注意的问题，希望大家通过以下的例句仔细揣摩，认真体会。1. Certainly I don t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.分析：这句话主要涉及的是否定的范围问题。如果把because从句排除在否定范围之外，其意思为： 因为我觉得教书容易，所以没有教书 （= because teaching is very easy for me, I don t teach ）；如果把because从句包括在否定范围之内，则为： 我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易 （= I teach, but it isn t because teaching is easy for me ）。虽然这两句话的上下文表明，后一种理解更加符合逻辑，但是在实际的使用过程中， not because 这一结构也有可能出现将because从句排除在否定范围之外的情况。所以由此不难看出，because与否定词连用时，根据上下文的不同常常有两种含义。但是在具体的句子中，一般只有一种是符合逻辑的。译文：当然，我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易。我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我满腹学问，情不自禁地要与别人分享。2. All that glitters is not gold.分析：这是一个典型的 部分否定 （partial negation）的例子。高中时狒狒一直不明白。 all not 从表面上看来，往往会被当作 全部否定 （total negation），因而经常被译成 所有 都不 。实际上，这个结构所表达的意思通常是 部分否定 的。意思相当于 并不是所有 都 。因此，遇到这种结构的时候，要根据上下文和逻辑关系进行分析。译文：闪光的不一定都是金子。3. When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.分析：在这句话中， hardly without 构成了 双重否定 （double negation）。虽然只有without在词形上具有明显的否定特征，但是hardly（以及scarcely, barely, few, little等）虽然没有明显的否定特征，却有否定的词义。实际上，双重否定表达的是肯定的意思，因此在翻译成汉语时，既可以将原句按照两个否定的形式表述出来，也可按照否定的语气译出。译文：电灯又亮了，该城的人们打开开关的时候，想必几乎人人都会想到，电灯是随时可供他们使用的多么有用的东西呀4. It s a beautiful cottage not more than five minutes from the nearest beach.分析：注意 not more than + 数词（或名词） 与 no more than + 数词（或名词） 这两个结构在意思和口气上的差别。前者没有什么特殊含义，只是客观地表示 不超过 、 至多 等意思；而后者则带有讲话者的主观看法或口气，强调数量之少或者事物之小以及微不足道。一般可以译做 仅仅 、 只不过 等。译文：那是一幢漂亮的村舍，离最近的海滩仅5分钟的路程。5. One cannot be too careful in making the decision as it is such a critical case.分析：在这句话中，cannot be too careful不能理解为 不能太谨慎 ，因为联系句子后半部分的状语从句中来看，逻辑上是讲不通的。实际上， cannot be too 这个结构虽然形式上为否定，但是意思上并非否定，而是起到一种加强肯定语气的作用。通常可以译做： 无论怎样 也不会过分 、 越 越好 等，这种结构的变形有 can never（或scarcely, hardly等） too + adj.（或adv.） 等。译文：因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以做出决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。6. There was the growing realization that for all their vastness, the resources to be found in the oceans and seas were not inexhaustible. One could not hunt whales at will without risking their extermination or catch herring limitlessly without threatening survival of the stock.分析：that引导的从句that for all their vastness, the resources to be found in the oceans and seas were not inexhaustible是realization的同位语从句。介词for相当于in spite of。句子中的not inexhaustible为双重否定结构。第二句中也用了not without双重否定结构。有否定词without的双重否定结构，翻译时一般可以译成肯定句。但是，在需要加强语气的时候，也可以译成双重否定句。译文：人们越来越认识到，尽管海洋无边无垠，但其资源并不是取之不尽用之不竭的。人们不可能随心所欲地捕鲸而不使其遭致灭绝的危险，或无限制地捕捞鲱鱼而不威胁到该物种的繁衍生息。7. One private school served notice when it opened that no person shall be considered as eligible who shall not be moving in the circle of Gentlemen, no retail trader being allowed in any circumstances to be so considered.分析：该句的主干结构是 One private school served notice 。名词notice与其同位语从句 that no person shall be considered as eligible who shall not be moving in the circle of Gentlemen, no retail trader being allowed in any circumstances to be so considered 被 when引导的状语从句分割。该句中no所表达的否定往往转移到谓语动词上。译文：一所私立学校开学时发布通知说： 凡属非绅士圈中者皆不得进入本校，小商贩决不予以考虑。8. True, not everyone sees me as you saw me or even as I see myself; but deep down inside I have that marvelous feeling that comes from being an integrated whole person, not afraid of being just what I am.分析：这是一个省略句，补全应该是这样的：It is true that 。两个as都是连词，意思是 像 、 如同 。deep down inside是but从句中的状语，意思是 内心深处 。that comes是feeling的定语从句。翻译该句，要从that处断开，把that从句译成一个表示原因的状语从句。省略的部分不需要增补。译文：的确，并不是每个人都像你那样看待我，也不像我那样看待我自己，然而在内心深处我有一种说不出的美妙感觉，这是我塑造自己的完整人格，并且毫无顾忌地坚持自我的结果。9. But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles.分析：这是一个主从复合句。what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them是guess的定语从句，what引导这个从句。该句中的we显然指后面的men and women，所以翻译时要灵活。译文：但对曾有过几代共产主义思想的人们来说，将来的世界看上去将是什么样子，人们还很难做出推测。现在人们总是把他们之间的手足之情看作是理所应当的事，认为生活本来就是这样，而不是当作理想的目标来看待。然而，他们知道这种手足之情只有通过巨大的努力才能得到。10. It would have been impossible for me to have told anyone what I derived from these novels, for it was nothing less than a sense of life itself.分析：这是由for连接的并列复合句。句中第一个it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语；第二个it指前一句话的what I derived from these novels，意思是 我从小说中获得的感受，nothing less than是固定用法，意思是 完全是 。他在形式上是否定的，在意义上是肯定的，翻译时要译成汉语肯定句译文：那时，要告诉别人我从这些小说中获得了什么收益是不可能的因为我所获得的完全是对生活自身的感受。