2019军队文职真题解析红师_军队文职考试

解放军文职招聘考试公卫、院感-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

发布时间：2017-06-16 20:47:43考生考试记录考前练习（公卫、院感）您的得分：0.001、可耐受最高摄入量1分A.某一特定性别、年龄及生理状况群体中个体对某营养素需要量的平均值B.可满足某一特定性别、年龄及生理状况群体中97%～98%个体需要量的摄入水平C.相当于传统的每日膳食中营养素供给量D.通过观察或实验获得的健康人群某种营养素的摄入量E.平均每日摄入营养素的最高限量考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：可耐受最高摄入量：指平均每日摄入营养素的最高限量。2、蛋白质的生物学价值最低的是1分A.大米B.玉米C.大豆D.鱼E.鸡蛋考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：蛋白质的生物学价值是反映食物蛋白质消化吸收后被机体利用程度的指标。生物价值高表明食物蛋白质中氨基酸主要用来合成人体蛋白质。氨基酸模式是指某种蛋白质中各种必需氨基酸的构成比例。食物蛋白质氨基酸模式与人体的越接近，必需氨基酸被机体利用的程度越高，食物中蛋白质的营养价值也就越高。鸡蛋蛋白质氨基酸模式与人体的最接近，其生物学价值最高。玉米蛋白质中赖氨酸较低，其生物学价值最低。3、维生素A缺乏的早期症状是1分A.暗适应延长B.角膜溃疡C.毕脱斑D.夜盲E.皮肤干燥考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：维生素A缺乏早期或轻微病变主要表现为暗适应能力下降，如从光线明亮处到光线暗处时，需要比正常人更长时间才能看清东西，进一步发展可导致夜盲症。4、硫化氢中毒导致1分A.与细胞色素氧化酶中三价铁和谷胱苷肽结合抑制细胞呼吸酶B.与氧化型细胞色素氧化酶中的二价铁结合，引起细胞内窒息C.血氧饱和度增加，组织不能利用氧D.氧分压增加，导致组织供氧不足E.氧的释放和传递受到阻碍考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：硫化氢与细胞色素氧化酶中三价铁和谷胱苷肽结合抑制细胞呼吸酶，一氧化碳影响血液中氧的释放和传递，导致低氧血症和组织缺氧。5、地方性氟中毒流行区，一般认为氟骨症多见的年龄段为1分A.新迁入的老年人B.新迁入的成年人C.青壮年D.学龄期儿童E.妇女考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：某社区为地方性氟中毒流行区，一般认为氟骨症多见的年龄段为青壮年。6、某工地食堂用餐后半小时左右，有多名工入口唇、指甲和全身皮肤出现发绀，并出现精神萎靡、头晕、头痛、乏力、心跳加速，有的伴有恶心、呕吐、腹胀、烦躁不安、呼吸困难。最大可能是1分A.沙门菌中毒B.大肠杆菌肠毒素中毒C.亚硝酸盐中毒D.四季豆中毒E.河豚鱼中毒考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：口唇、指甲和全身皮肤出现发绀是由于亚硝酸将血中的低血红蛋白氧化成高铁血红蛋白而产生的症状。7、体现健康观1分A.一级预防为主B.三级预防C.强化社区行动D.全世界人人享有卫生保健E.群众性自我保健考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：三级预防体现了健康观。8、镉污染1分A.Addison病B.痛痛病C.Bowen病D.脚气病E.克汀病考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：痛痛病是人们长期食用受镉污染的大米、水而引起的慢性镉中毒等。9、长期食用甲基汞可以导致1分A.水俣病B.痛痛病C.慢性鼻炎D.脑膜炎E.肝肾综合征考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：水俣病是人们长期食用受甲基汞污染的鱼贝类而引起的慢性汞中毒性疾病；痛痛病是人们长期食用受镉污染的大米、水而引起的慢性镉中毒等；接触粉尘作业工人的慢性鼻炎发病率增高等。10、欲对有200个数据的定量资料编制频数分布表描述其分布特征，在分组时，其组段数宜选择1分A.61～70B.8～15C.14～16D.130～150E.51～60考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：欲对有200个数据的定量资料编制频数分布表描述其分布特征，在分组时，其组段数宜选择8～15。11、属于二次污染的是1分A.CO2B.甲基汞C.COD.SO2E.有机磷农药考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：由污染源直接排入环境，其物理和化学性状都未发生改变的污染物，称为一次污染物，如汞、SO2、可吸入颗粒物、CO、CO2等。由一次污染物造成的环境污染称一次污染。如果一次污染物在物理、化学、生物等因素作用下发生变化，或与环境中的其他物质发生反应，形成物理、化学性状与一次污染物不同的新污染物称为二次污染物，也称继发性污染物，如光化学烟雾、酸雨、甲基汞等。由二次污染物造成的环境污染称为二次污染。二次污染物对健康的危害通常比一次污染物严重。12、干扰钙磷代谢的是1分A.砷B.氟C.镁D.铜E.硫氰酸盐考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：影响钙磷代谢的物质除维生素外，还有多种因素参与，其中有甲状旁腺素、降钙素、生长激素、糖皮质激素以及氟等微量元素。13、国际卫生条例的传染病范围是1分A.可引起某个医疗机构关注的突发公共卫生事件B.可引起病人关注的突发公共卫生事件C.可引起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件D.可引起某个国家关注的突发公共卫生事件E.可引起某个人关注的突发公共卫生事件考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：《国际卫生条例(2005)》将传染病的范围从3种检疫传染病（黄热病、鼠疫和霍乱）扩展为包括多种传染病在内的所有可能引起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。14、适宜摄入量1分A.某一特定性别、年龄及生理状况群体中个体对某营养素需要量的平均值B.可满足某一特定性别、年龄及生理状况群体中97%～98%个体需要量的摄入水平C.相当于传统的每日膳食中营养素供给量D.通过观察或实验获得的健康人群某种营养素的摄入量E.平均每日摄入营养素的最高限量考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：适宜摄入量：指通过观察或实验获得的健康人群对某种营养素的摄入量。15、属于刺激性气体1分A.Cl2B.H2SC.CH4D.COE.CO2考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：刺激性气体是一类对机体的眼、呼吸道黏膜和皮肤具有刺激作用为主的化学物。常见的有氯、氮氧化物、光气、氧化氢、二氧化硫、三氧化硫、硫酸二甲酯等，因此Cl2是正确答案。H2S的迷惑性在于H2S气味恶臭难闻，但并无显著的急性和慢性的致病作用。16、孕妇对蛋白需求量最高是在1分A.孕中期B.孕3个月C.孕2个月D.孕1个月E.孕晚期考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：我国营养学学提出在孕4～6个月期间，孕妇每日增加进食蛋白质15克，在孕7～9个月期间，每日应增加进食25克。17、蛋白质的生物学价值最高的是1分A.大米B.玉米C.大豆D.鱼E.鸡蛋考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：蛋白质的生物学价值是反映食物蛋白质消化吸收后被机体利用程度的指标。生物价值高表明食物蛋白质中氨基酸主要用来合成人体蛋白质。氨基酸模式是指某种蛋白质中各种必需氨基酸的构成比例。食物蛋白质氨基酸模式与人体的越接近，必需氨基酸被机体利用的程度越高，食物中蛋白质的营养价值也就越高。鸡蛋蛋白质氨基酸模式与人体的最接近，其生物学价值最高。玉米蛋白质中赖氨酸较低，其生物学价值最低。18、一氧化碳中毒导致1分A.与细胞色素氧化酶中三价铁和谷胱苷肽结合抑制细胞呼吸酶B.与氧化型细胞色素氧化酶中的二价铁结合，引起细胞内窒息C.血氧饱和度增加，组织不能利用氧D.氧分压增加，导致组织供氧不足E.氧的释放和传递受到阻碍考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：硫化氢与细胞色素氧化酶中三价铁和谷胱苷肽结合抑制细胞呼吸酶，一氧化碳影响血液中氧的释放和传递，导致低氧血症和组织缺氧。19、在一项队列研究中，非暴露组150名中15人患高血压，暴露组200人中30人患高血压，归因危险度为1分A.0.25B.0.55C.0.5D.0.05E.1.5考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：在一项队列研究中，非暴露组150名中15人患高血压，暴露组200人中30人患高血压，归因危险度为0.15-0.1=0.05。20、反映均数抽样误差大小的指标是1分A.标准误B.标准全距C.标准均数D.标准差E.标准变异系数考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：反映均数抽样误差大小的指标是标准误。21、医疗消费是基于患者的1分A.自身健康状况B.职位C.职业D.性别E.年龄考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医疗消费是基于患者的自身健康状况，生小病则消费少，生大病则消费多。22、可能致肝癌的是1分A.长期饮用含藻类毒素的地沟水或井水B.长期接触石棉C.人乳头状瘤病毒感染D.长期接触汞E.长期接触铅考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：藻类毒素可以的导致肝癌。23、体现新公共健康精神1分A.一级预防为主B.三级预防C.强化社区行动D.全世界人人享有卫生保健E.群众性自我保健考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：强化社区行动体现新公共健康精神。24、促甲状腺肿的是1分A.砷B.氟C.镁D.铜E.硫氰酸盐考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：目前公认甲状腺肿的主要原因是缺碘。除此以外促甲状腺肿物质还可有硫氰酸盐类药物，如硫氰化钾、磺脲类药物，食物中的木薯、甘薯、玉米、大蒜、卷心菜和核桃等。25、蛋白质生物学价值的高低主要取决于1分A.食物蛋白质所含氨基酸的数量B.蛋白质的含量C.非必需氨基酸的含量D.蛋白质真消化率E.蛋白质所含必需氨基酸的含量和比值考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：蛋白质生物学价值的高低主要取决于蛋白质所含必需氨基酸的含量和比值。26、河塘里面因为工厂排放什么化学物质而导致藻类繁殖致大量鱼死亡1分A.氮和磷B.甲基汞中毒C.氟D.有机氯和有机磷E.铬考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：受磷、氮污染的富营养化水体中的藻类及其毒素，不仅破坏水的生态环境，也可通过食物链引起中毒或死亡。若水体受到化学物质污染可导致接触者发生慢性中毒，甚至引发公害病，有的可诱发癌症。27、有机磷农药生产或使用过程中导致人体中毒的主要途径是1分A.消化道和黏膜B.皮肤C.消化道D.泌尿道E.呼吸道考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：有机磷农药生产或使用过程中，导致人体中毒的主要途径是皮肤。28、WHO健康权指1分A.无关标准B.高于标准C.低于标准D.一般标准E.有关标准考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：联合国《经济社会文化权利公约》对健康权作出的规定是： 人人享有可能达到的最高标准的身体健康和精神健康的权力 。在1948年世界卫生组织提出健康的定义： 健康是身体、心理和社会幸福的完好状态，而不仅是没有疾病和虚弱 。1986年世界卫生组织(WHO)指出： 健康是日常生活的资源，而不是生活的目标。健康是一个积极的概念，它不仅是个人身体素质的体现，也是社会和个人的资源 ； 为达到心身健康和社会幸福的完美状态，每一个人都必须有能力去认识和实现这些愿望，努力满足需求和改善环境 。29、孕妇什么时候要补蛋白质1分A.孕后期B.孕10月C.孕8月D.孕中期E.孕3月考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：孕早期膳食要点：妊娠早期的膳食应以清淡、易消化、口感好为主要原则。建议每日服用适量叶酸，以预防神经管畸形的发生。为防止酮体对胎儿早期脑发育的不良影响，孕妇完全不能进食时，也应静脉补充葡萄糖。孕中期膳食要点：①补充充足的能量；②注意铁的补充；③保证充足的鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉和奶的供给。孕末期膳食要点：注意增加钙的补充；保证适宜的体重增长；保证充足的鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉和奶的供给。孕后期还要注意增加液体及富含膳食纤维的水果、蔬菜、全谷类食物的摄入以防便秘及痔疮的发生。妊娠后半期若出现水肿，应限制含盐分多的食物。30、可能致肺癌的是1分A.长期饮用含藻类毒素的地沟水或井水B.长期接触石棉C.人乳头状瘤病毒感染D.长期接触汞E.长期接触铅考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：长期接触石棉可以物理刺激肺导致肺癌。31、某医院收入一痢疾患者，该患者在入院时又感染了白喉杆菌，入院后发生白喉，这属于1分A.交叉感染B.自身感染C.医源性感染D.带入感染E.以上都不是考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：带入感染是指病人入院时已处于另一种传染病的潜伏期，入院后发病，并传给其他病人。故此例属于带入感染。32、穿过皮肤或黏膜进入无菌的组织或器官内部的器材1分A.灭菌剂或物理、化学灭菌方法B.应用灭菌剂或高效消毒剂C.应用物理灭菌方法D.杀灭结核杆菌的消毒剂或中、低效消毒剂E.杀灭细菌繁殖体的消毒剂考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：穿过皮肤或黏膜进入无菌的组织或器官内部的器材所使用的灭菌方法一般为灭菌剂或物理、化学灭菌方法。33、铺好的无菌盘，在无污染情况下的有效时间是1分A.2hB.4hC.6hD.12hE.24h考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：铺好的无菌盘，在无污染情况下的有效时间是4h。34、判断某传染病患者是否为医院感染引起的主要依据是1分A.传染期B.临床症状期C.病程D.检查结果E.潜伏期考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医院感染是指住院病人在医院内获得的感染，包括在住院期间发生的感染和在医院内获得出院后发生的感染，但不包括入院前已开始或者入院时已处于潜伏期的感染。故判断某传染病患者是否为医院感染引起的主要依据是潜伏期。35、Ⅲ类区域工作人员卫生手及物体表面的合格标准为1分A.细菌总数 5cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌B.细菌总数 10cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌C.细菌总数 15cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌D.细菌总数 20cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌E.细菌总数 25cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅲ类区域工作人员卫生手及物体表面的合格标准为细菌总数 10cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌。36、取无菌溶液时，先倒去少量溶液的目的是1分A.检查瓶口是否有裂缝B.检查液体是否清亮C.冲洗瓶口D.练习操作，以便从原处倒出E.减少瓶内溶液考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：取无菌溶液时，先倒去少量溶液的目的是冲洗瓶口，以防止有杂菌污染。37、下列哪项违反了隔离原则1分A.斑疹伤寒患者须更衣后才可入病房B.只要做好床边隔离，不同的呼吸道传染病患者可同住一室C.严密隔离患者禁止走出病室D.给同一种病种患者测血压时可不换血压计E.护理消化道隔离病人时，须按病种分别穿隔离衣考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：隔离原则有斑疹伤寒患者须更衣后才可入病房，严密隔离患者禁止走出病室，严密隔离患者禁止走出病室，护理消化道隔离病人时，须按病种分别穿隔离衣等。38、B-D试验合格的标准是1分A.指示图各部位颜色变化为深黑色B.指示图各部位颜色变化深浅一致均匀C.指示图各部位颜色变化为浅灰色D.指示图各部位颜色变化由深变浅E.指示图各部位颜色变化大致均匀考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Bowie-Dick测试是用来评估单次深真空灭菌器也叫高真空灭菌器的真空过程。它是一个灭菌器真空系统的诊断试验。B-D试验合格的标准是指示图各部位颜色变化深浅一致均匀。39、用紫外线灯做空气消毒时，照射时间不少于1分A.15minB.20minC.25minD.30minE.35min考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：用紫外线灯做空气消毒时，照射时间应不少于30min。40、穿脱隔离衣时要避免污染1分A.腰带以下部分B.腰带以上部分C.袖子后面D.胸前、背后E.衣领考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：穿脱隔离衣时要避免污染衣领。41、Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类区域工作人员卫生手及物体表面的合格标准为1分A.细菌总数 5cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌B.细菌总数 10cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌C.细菌总数 15cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌D.细菌总数 20cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌E.细菌总数 25cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类区域工作人员卫生手及物体表面的合格标准为细菌总数 5cfu/cm2，未检出致病菌。42、浸泡无菌持物钳的容器应是1分A.大口容器，底部垫纱布B.大口容器，盛用消毒液C.大口容器，盛用消毒液，底部垫纱布D.大口容器，盛用消毒液，底部垫无菌纱布E.盛用消毒液，底部垫无菌纱布考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：浸泡无菌持物钳的容器应是大口容器，盛用消毒液。43、肾移植患者应采取1分A.严密隔离B.保护性隔离C.呼吸道隔离D.接触隔离E.消化道隔离考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：保护性隔离也称反向隔离，适用于抵抗力低或极易感染的病人，如严重烧伤、早产儿、白血病、脏器移植及免疫缺陷病人等。故肾移植患者应采取保护性隔离。44、下列哪项不是医院感染的特点1分A.易感人群抵抗力低，病死率高B.医院中病原体来源广泛C.医院中流行的菌株大多为多重耐药性D.在医院内一旦发生感染很容易播散E.在医院感染中人群的病死率很低考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医院感染的特点有易感人群抵抗力低，病死率高；医院中病原体来源广泛；医院中流行的菌株大多为多重耐药性；在医院内一旦发生感染很容易播散等。45、和破损皮肤、黏膜相接触，而不进入无菌的组织内的器材1分A.灭菌剂或物理、化学灭菌方法B.应用灭菌剂或高效消毒剂C.应用物理灭菌方法D.杀灭结核杆菌的消毒剂或中、低效消毒剂E.杀灭细菌繁殖体的消毒剂考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：和破损皮肤、黏膜相接触，而不进入无菌的组织内的器材时应用灭菌剂或高效消毒剂进行消毒。46、使用紫外线照射消毒，关灯后至再使用前须间隔1分A.1～2minB.3～4minC.5～6minD.7～8minE.9～10min考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：使用紫外线照射消毒，关灯后至再使用前须间隔3～4min。47、乙型脑炎主要传播媒介是1分A.虱B.蚊C.鼠D.螨E.蚤考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：乙型脑炎主要传播媒介是蚊。48、用紫外线灯做空气消毒时有效距离为1分A. 2mB. 2.5mC. 3mD. 3.5mE. 4m考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：因紫外线的有效杀菌波长为UV-C，但是紫外线的穿透力很弱，如果距离长，达不到完全消毒的效果，故用紫外线灯做空气消毒时有效距离为 2m。49、无菌区的定义是1分A.经过灭菌处理的区域B.经过灭菌未被污染的区域C.未经灭菌处理的区域D.灭菌处理后被污染的区域E.不使已灭菌的物品再污染并保持灭菌考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：无菌区的定义是经过灭菌未被污染的区域。50、取无菌纱布的正确方法是1分A.用消毒的手指拿取纱布B.戴手套拿取纱布C.用无菌持物钳夹取纱布D.用灭菌换药镊子夹取纱布E.以上都不是考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：取无菌纱布的正确方法是用无菌持物钳夹取纱布。51、医院感染最重要的传染来源是1分A.各种病人B.病原携带者C.动物D.血液制品E.食品考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医院感染最重要的传染来源是各种病人。52、目前引起下呼吸道医院感染最主要的病原体是1分A.链球菌B.表皮葡萄球菌C.金黄色葡萄球菌D.铜绿假单胞菌E.卡他球菌考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：目前引起下呼吸道医院感染最主要的病原体是铜绿假单胞菌（33.3%），其次为金黄色葡萄球菌。53、Ⅰ类区域空气消毒合格的标准是1分A.细菌总数 10cfu/m3，未检出致病菌B.细菌总数 200cfu/m3，未检出致病菌C.细菌总数 300cfu/m3，未检出致病菌D.细菌总数 400cfu/m3，未检出致病菌E.细菌总数 500cfu/m3，未检出致病菌考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅰ类区域空气消毒合格的标准是细菌总数 10cfu/m3，未检出致病菌。54、给传染病患者发药，下述哪一项是错误的1分A.将备好的药及水壶放在治疗车上B.车下层放盆，内盛消毒液C.协助同一病种的患者服药后，再给另一病种患者喂药D.用过的药杯放在消毒液内浸泡E.全病区发药完毕，按常规消毒药杯考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：给传染病患者发药时将备好的药及水壶放在治疗车上，将备好的药及水壶放在治疗车上，用过的药杯放在消毒液内浸泡，全病区发药完毕，按常规消毒药杯。55、下列哪种是最重要的医院感染的传播媒介1分A.衣物B.饮水C.手D.医疗器械E.食品考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医生等人的手由于工作关系经常可能接触病人的传染性物质及其污染的物品，很容易再将病原体传给其他病人或医护人员。医院内医护人员手及病室内物品的污染率很高。故手是最重要的医院感染的传播媒介。56、Ⅱ类区域空气消毒合格的标准是1分A.细菌总数 10cfu/m3，未检出致病菌B.细菌总数 200cfu/m3，未检出致病菌C.细菌总数 300cfu/m3，未检出致病菌D.细菌总数 400cfu/m3，未检出致病菌E.细菌总数 500cfu/m3，未检出致病菌考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅱ类区域空气消毒合格的标准是细菌总数 200cfu/m3，未检出致病菌。57、下列隔离操作中哪项是错误的1分A.用过的体温表放于消毒液中B.测脉搏时持手表放入塑料袋内C.操作过程中应用手扶好露出鼻部的口罩D.用避污纸打开床旁桌上的瓶塞灌开水E.用避污纸取回病人用过的药杯考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：隔离操作中需将用过的体温表放于消毒液中，测脉搏时持手表放入塑料袋内，用避污纸打开床旁桌上的瓶塞灌开水，用避污纸取回病人用过的药杯等。58、医院感染最常发生的疾病是1分A.肠道传染病B.呼吸道传染病C.表皮传染病D.泌尿道感染E.外伤感染考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医院感染最常发生的疾病是呼吸道传染病。因为医院获得性肺炎起病隐匿，临床表现不典型，尤以老年人为甚。59、仅直接或间接地和健康无损的皮肤相接触的物品可选择1分A.灭菌剂或物理、化学灭菌方法B.应用灭菌剂或高效消毒剂C.应用物理灭菌方法D.杀灭结核杆菌的消毒剂或中、低效消毒剂E.杀灭细菌繁殖体的消毒剂考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：仅直接或间接地和健康无损的皮肤相接触的物品可选择杀灭结核杆菌的消毒剂或中、低效消毒剂进行消毒。60、下列无菌技术哪项操作是错误的1分A.治疗室湿式清扫，每日紫外线照射一次B.衣帽要整洁，口罩遮住口鼻，修剪指甲，洗手C.无菌物品与非无菌物品应分别放置D.一份无菌物品仅供一个病人使用E.浸泡液应浸没持物钳的2/3左右考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：无菌技术中治疗室湿式清扫，每日紫外线照射一次；衣帽要整洁，口罩遮住口鼻，修剪指甲，洗手；无菌物品与非无菌物品应分别放置；一份无菌物品仅供一个病人使用；浸泡液应完全浸没持物钳。61、霍乱病人应采取1分A.呼吸道隔离B.消化道隔离C.接触隔离D.严密隔离E.保护性隔离考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：霍乱是一种烈性肠道传染病，两种甲类传染病之一，由霍乱弧菌污染水和食物而引起传播。严重者可因休克、尿毒症或酸中毒而死亡。在医疗水平低下和治疗措施不力的情况下，病死率甚高。故霍乱病人应采取严密隔离。62、医源性感染1分A.病人与医生及其他病人通过直接或间接传播引起的感染B.病原体来源于病人本身的感染C.病人入院时已处于另一种传染病的潜伏期，入院后发病，并传给其他病人D.在诊疗过程中，由于器械消毒不严或制剂不纯引起的感染E.病人在家中已发生的感染考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医源性感染是在诊疗过程中，由于器械消毒不严或制剂不纯引起的感染。63、隔离衣一般情况下更换时间是1分A.6hB.12hC.24hD.48hE.72h考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：隔离衣一般情况下更换时间是24h。64、伤寒病人应采取1分A.呼吸道隔离B.消化道隔离C.接触隔离D.严密隔离E.保护性隔离考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：伤寒是由伤寒杆菌引起的急性消化道传染病。故伤寒病人应采取消化道隔离。65、须现配现用的消毒剂是1分A.乙醇B.甲醛C.纯乳酸D.苯扎溴铵E.过氧乙酸考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：过氧乙酸溶于水、醇、醚、硫酸。属强氧化剂，极不稳定。在-20℃也会爆炸，浓度大于45％就有爆炸性，遇高热、还原剂或有金属离子存在就会引起爆炸。故过氧乙酸须现配现用。66、为阳离子表面活性剂，对阴离子表面活性剂有拮抗作用的是1分A.乙醇B.甲醛C.纯乳酸D.苯扎溴铵E.过氧乙酸考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：苯扎溴铵具有典型阳离子表面活性剂的性质，水溶液搅拌时能产生大量泡沫。性质稳定，耐光，耐热，无挥发性，可长期存放，为阳离子表面活性剂，对阴离子表面活性剂有拮抗作用。67、医院感染的含义是1分A.病人在住院期间发生的感染B.所有发生在医院内的细菌感染C.医院内病人直接或间接传播引起的感染D.因医疗器械消毒不严造成的感染E.病人在住院期间或医院职工在护理或治疗患者过程中发生的感染考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医院感染的含义是病人在住院期间或医院职工在护理或治疗患者过程中发生的感染。68、巴氏消毒常用消毒指标是1分A.消毒温度为85～95℃，作用时间10～15minB.消毒温度为45～55℃，作用时间20～25minC.消毒温度为65～75℃，作用时间5～8minD.消毒温度为65～75℃，作用时间10～15minE.消毒温度为70～80℃，作用时间5～8min考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：巴氏消毒法是利用热力杀死液体中的病原菌或一般的杂菌，同时不致严重损害其质量的消耗方法。巴氏消毒常用消毒指标是消毒温度为65～75℃，作用时间5～8min。69、传染病院应设置在1分A.水源充足的地方B.靠近综合性医院C.远离公共场所D.城市中心E.交通便利的地方考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：传染病院应设置在远离公共场所的地方，以防止疾病在人群中传播。70、传染病房使用口罩下述哪项是错误的1分A.口罩必须遮住口鼻B.不可用污染手触碰口罩C.不用时不能挂在胸前D.口罩潮湿应立即更换E.护理严密隔离患者后，口罩污染面向内折叠，放置备用考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：传染病房使用口罩时口罩必须遮住口鼻，不可用污染手触碰口罩，不用时不能挂在胸前，口罩潮湿应立即更换等。71、Ⅲ类区域空气消毒合格的标准是1分A.细菌总数 10cfu/m3，未检出致病菌B.细菌总数 200cfu/m3，未检出致病菌C.细菌总数 300cfu/m3，未检出致病菌D.细菌总数 400cfu/m3，未检出致病菌E.细菌总数 500cfu/m3，未检出致病菌考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅲ类区域空气消毒合格的标准是细菌总数 500cfu/m3，未检出致病菌。72、煮沸消毒灭菌时，错误的操作是1分A.物品完全浸没在水中B.大小相同的盆应重叠C.有轴节的器械宜打开D.玻璃类用纱布包好E.煮沸过程中再加物品，应在第二次水沸后重新计时考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：煮沸消毒灭菌时物品完全浸没在水中，大小相同的盆要分开，有轴节的器械宜打开，玻璃类用纱布包好，煮沸过程中再加物品，应在第二次水沸后重新计时等。73、取无菌溶液时，下列哪项是错误的1分A.用前核对瓶签B.检查药液有否沉淀C.保持瓶盖内侧面无菌D.倒溶液时可不顾及瓶签的朝向E.用后立即盖上考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：取无菌溶液时用前核对瓶签，检查药液有否沉淀，保持瓶盖内侧面无菌，倒溶液时瓶签向掌面，用后立即盖上等。74、用平车护送伤寒患者摄片，正确的方法是1分A.患者更换清洁衣裤后，卧于平车上B.协助患者直接卧于平车上C.将患者床单铺在平车上，协助其卧上D.铺清洁大单于平车上，协助其卧上E.协助患者卧于平车上后，再盖上一条清洁大单考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：用平车护送伤寒患者摄片，正确的方法是铺清洁大单于平车上，协助其卧上。75、使用无菌持物钳的方法哪项是错误的1分A.取、放钳时钳端须闭合B.使用时钳端朝下，不得反转向上C.不可夹取油纱布D.到远处夹取物品后立即放回原处E.每一容器只能放一把钳子考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：使用无菌持物钳的方法为取、放钳时钳端须闭合；使用时钳端朝下，不得反转向上；不可夹取油纱布；每一容器只能放一把钳子等。76、无菌盘铺好后有效期不超过1分A.2hB.4hC.8hD.12hE.16h考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：无菌盘铺好后有效期不能超过4h。77、属污染区的区域是1分A.走廊B.化验室C.浴室D.更衣室E.库房考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：属于污染区的区域是浴室。78、医院感染的传播途径一般不包括1分A.经空气传播B.经土壤传播C.经接触传播D.经共同媒介物传播E.经生物媒介传播考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医院感染的传播途径一般有经空气传播，经接触传播，经共同媒介物传播，经生物媒介传播。79、衡量医院感染的常用指标不包括1分A.发病率B.患病率C.漏报率D.时点患病率E.比值比考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：衡量医院感染的常用指标有发病率，患病率，漏报率，时点患病率等。80、紫外线辐射强度为多少时更换紫外线灯管1分A. 70 W/cm2B. 70 W/cm2C. 70 W/cm2D. 70 W/cm2E.=70 W/cm2考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：在紫外线辐射强度 70 W/cm2时需更换紫外线灯管。81、属半污染区的区域是1分A.走廊及病区化验室B.治疗室、值班室C.浴室、洗涤间D.病室及厕所E.配餐室与更衣室考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：属半污染区的区域是走廊及病区化验室。82、破伤风患者须执行1分A.床边隔离B.严密隔离C.接触隔离D.保护性隔离E.昆虫隔离考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：破伤风杆菌及其毒素不能侵入正常的皮肤和粘膜，故破伤风都发生在伤后。一切开放性损伤，均有发生破伤风的可能。所以破伤风患者须执行接触隔离。83、发生医院感染时，停止收容新病人的时间是1分A.该病最长潜伏期过去B.该病最短潜伏期过去C.该病平均潜伏期过去D.该病常见潜伏期过去E.观察一段时间没有新病人发生考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：发生医院感染时，为防止院内感染等情况停止收容新病人的时间是该病最长潜伏期过去。84、医院感染发生的原因不包括1分A.交叉感染B.条件致病菌感染C.使用昂贵仪器检查D.不合理使用抗生素E.医院管理不当考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：医院感染发生的原因有交叉感染，条件致病菌感染，不合理使用抗生素，医院管理不当等。85、测定压力蒸汽灭菌效果的指示菌是1分A.白色念珠菌(ATCC10231)B.金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)C.枯草杆菌黑色变种(ATCC9372)D.嗜热脂肪杆菌芽胞(ATCC9753)E.大肠杆菌(8099)考生答案：正确答案：D试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：测定压力蒸汽灭菌效果的指示菌是嗜热脂肪杆菌芽胞(ATCC9753)。86、避污纸的正确使用方法为1分A.污染的手取避污纸可掀页撕取B.清洁手取避污纸需他人传递C.从页面抓取D.掀开页面抓取第一页E.随便撕取考生答案：正确答案：C试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：避污纸的正确使用方法为从页面抓取。87、无菌治疗巾打开后，未用完其继续使用的有效时间是1分A.2hB.4hC.6hD.12hE.24h考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：无菌治疗巾打开后，未用完其继续使用的有效时间是24h。88、接触传染病患者后隔离衣应放在1分A.走廊，清洁面向外B.走廊，清洁面向内C.病室，清洁面向外D.治疗区，清洁面向外E.办公室，清洁面向外考生答案：正确答案：A试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：接触传染病患者后隔离衣应放在走廊，清洁面向外，以防止医院感染。89、一般病室、办公室、治疗室、换药室、走廊等使用的拖把1分A.拖把应有明显的标记，严格分区使用B.每次使用后清水冲洗，悬挂晾干备用C.先用1000mg/L有效氯消毒剂适量倒在污染地面30min后，用拖把拖干净D.拖把用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min后，再洗干净，晾干备用E.应先消毒，用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，再用水洗干净，然后用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，悬挂晾干备用考生答案：正确答案：B试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：一般病室、办公室、治疗室、换药室、走廊等使用的拖把每次使用后清水冲洗，悬挂晾干备用。90、传染病区使用的拖把1分A.拖把应有明显的标记，严格分区使用B.每次使用后清水冲洗，悬挂晾干备用C.先用1000mg/L有效氯消毒剂适量倒在污染地面30min后，用拖把拖干净D.拖把用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min后，再洗干净，晾干备用E.应先消毒，用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，再用水洗干净，然后用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，悬挂晾干备用考生答案：正确答案：E试题分数：1分考生得分：0答案解析：传染病区使用的拖把应先消毒，用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，再用水洗干净，然后用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，悬挂晾干备用。关闭

解放军文职招聘考试2010年12月英语四级听力真题(试题+原文+答案)-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

解放军文职招聘考试2010年12月英语四级听力真题(试题+原文+答案)发布时间：2017-06-18 17:51:492010年12月英语四级听力真题(试题+原文+答案)一、听力试题Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A（对话部分）[A] The man should visit the museums.[B] She can t stand the hot weather.[C] The beach resort is a good[D] She enjoys staying in Washington.[A] Her new responsibilities in the company.[B] What her job prospects are.[C] What the customers feedback is.[D] The director s opinion of her work.[A] Combine her training with dieting.[B] Repeat the training every three days.[C] Avoid excessive physical training.[D] Include weightlifting in the program.[A] When she will return home.[B] Whether she can go by herself.[C] Whether she can travel by air.[D] When she will completely recover.[A] The woman knows how to deal with the police.[B] The woman had been fined many times before.[C] The woman had violated traffic regulations.[D] The woman is good at finding excuses.[A] Switch off the refrigerator for a while.[B] Have someone repair the refrigerator.[C] Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.[D] Buy a refrigerator of better quality.[A] He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.[B] He has got enough money to buy a house.[C] He can finally do what he has dreamed of.[D] He is moving into a bigger apartment.[A] She is black and blue all over.[B] She has to go to see a doctor.[C] She stayed away from work for a few days.[D] She got hurt in an accident yesterday.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.[A] She was a bank manager.[B] She was a victim of the robbery.[C] She was a defence lawyer.[D] She was a witness to the crime.[A] A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.[B] A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.[C] A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.[D] A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.[A] Identify the suspect from pictures.[B] Go upstairs to sign some document.[C] Have her photo taken for their files.[D] Verify the record of what she had said.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.[A] By reading a newspaper ad.[B] By seeing a commercial on TV.[C] By listening to the morning news.[D] By calling an employment service.[A] She could improve her foreign languages.[B] She could work close to her family.[C] She could travel overseas frequently.[D] She could use her previous experiences.[A] Taking management courses. [C] Working as a secretary.[B] Teaching English at a university.[C] Working as a secretary.[D] Studying for a degree in French.[A] Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.[B] Read the advertisement again for more details.[C] Send in a written application as soon as possible.[D] Get to know the candidates on the short list.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.[A] They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.[B] They do not realize the danger they are in.[C] They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.[D] They mistake the firefighters for monsters.[A] He travels all over America to help put out fires.[B] He often teaches children what to do during a fire.[C] He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.[D] He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.[A] He saved the life of his brother choking on food.[B] He rescued a student from a big fire.[C] He is very good at public speaking.[D] He gives informative talks to young children.[A] Firefighters play an important role in America.[B] Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.[C] Carelessness can result in tragedies.[D] Informative speeches can save lives.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.[A] To satisfy the needs of their family.[B] To fully realize their potential.[C] To make money for early retirement.[D] To gain a sense of their personal worth.[A] They may have to continue to work in old age.[B] They may regret the time they wasted.[C] They may have nobody to depend on in the future.[D] They may have fewer job opportunities.[A] Making wise use of your time.[B] Enjoying yourself while you can.[C] Saving as much as you can.[D] Working hard and playing hard.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.[A] Hardworking students being accused of cheating.[B] Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.[C] Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.[D] Junior employees being made to work overtime.[A] Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.[B] Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.[C] Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.[D] Allowing only two students to enter at a time.[A] He was taken to the manager.[B] He was closely watched.[C] He was asked to leave.[D] He was overcharged.Section CWriting keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) _____________ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) _____________their heritage (传统). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) _____________, colleges, business, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the time or talking to them in writing in online (39) _____________ rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) _____________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) _____________ to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) _____________ and discuss their classroom assignments and to (43) _____________ them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework. (44) __________________________________________________.Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) ____________________________________. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, I want you to know that I care about you. (46) ____________________________, but only in the success of human relationships. .(原文与答案请往下拉)三、听力原文Section A短对话 (11~18)M: Oh my god! The heat is simply unbearable here. I wish we ve gone to the beach instead.W: Well, with the museums and restaurants in Washington I ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.Q：What does the woman mean?M: How s the new job going?W: Well, I m learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.Q：What does the woman want to know?M: Can you help me work out a physical training program John?W: Sure, but whatever you do be careful not to overdo it. Last time I had two weeks worth of weight-lifting in three days and I hurt myself.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?M: I have an elderly mother and I m worried about her going on a plane. Is there any risk?W: Not if her heart is all right. If she has a heart condition, I d recommend against it.Q: What does the man want to know about his mother?M: Why didn t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads?W: Sorry, I was just a bit absent-minded. Anyway, do I have to pay a fine?Q: what do we learn from the conversation?M: I m no expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn t sound right. Maybe you should have it fixed.W: You re right. And I suppose I ve put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?M: I did extremely well on the sale of my downtown apartment. Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I ve had my eye on and build a house on it.W: Congratulations！Does that mean you ll be moving soon?Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?W: My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something.M: I m no doctor, but it s not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.Q: what do we learn about the woman from the conversation?长对话 （19~21）M: Mrs. Dawson, thanks very much for coming down to the station. I just like to go over some of the things that you told police officer Parmer at the bank.W: All right.M: Well, could you describe the man who robbed the bank for this report that we re filling out here? Now, anything at all that you can remember would be extremely helpful to us.W: Well, just, I can only remember basically what I said before.M: That s all right.W: The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.M: Very good. All right, did he have any other distinguishing marks?W: Um, no, none that I can remember.M: Do you remember how old he was by any chance?W: Well, I guess around 30, maybe younger, give or take a few years.M: Mm, all right. Do you remember anything about what he was wearing?W: Yes, yes, he had on a dark sweater, a solid color.M: OK. Um, anything else that strikes you at the moment?W: I remember he was wearing a light shirt under the sweater. Yes, yes.M: All right. Mrs. Dawson, I really appreciate what you ve been through today. I m just going to ask you to look at some photographs before you leave if you don t mind. It won t take very long. Can you do that for me?W: Oh, of course.M: Would you like to step this way with me, please?W: OK, sure.M: Thank you.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What do we learn about the woman?20. What did the suspect look like?21. What did the man finally asked the woman to do?长对话 （22~25）W: Good morning, I m calling about the job that was in the paper last night.M: Well, could you tell me your name?W: Candider Forsett.M: Oh yes. What exactly is it that interests you about the job?W: Well, I thought it was just right for me.M: Really? Um Could you tell me a little about yourself?W: Yes. I m 23. I ve been working abroad.M: Where exactly have you been working?W: In Geneva.M: Oh, Geneva. And what were you doing there?W: Secretarial work. Previous to that, I was at university.M: Which university was that?W: The University of Manchester. I ve got a degree in English.M: You said you ve been working in Geneva. Do you have any special reason for wanting to come back?W: I thought it would be nice to be near to the family.M: I see, and how do you see yourself developing in this job?W: Well, I m ambitious. I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead me eventually into management.M: I see. You have foreign languages?W: French and Italian.M: Well, I think the best thing for you to do is do reply a writing to the advertisement.W: Can t I arrange for an interview now?M: Well, I m afraid we must wait until all the applications are in, in writing, and we ll then decide on the short list. If you are on the short list, of course we should see you.W: Oh, I see.M: I look forward to receiving your application in writing in a day or two.W: Oh, yes, yes, certainly.M: Ok, thank you very much. Goodbye.W: Thank you. Goodbye.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?23. Why did the woman find the job appealing?24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva?25. What was the woman asked to do in the end?Section BPassage OneOne of the greatest heartbreaks for fire fighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building because the child, frightened by smoke and noise, hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found dead. Saddest of all is when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster. To prevent such tragedies, fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire. He displays fire fighters equipment, including the oxygen mask, which he encourages his listeners to play with and put on. If you see us, Velez tells them, don t hide! We are not monsters. We have come to rescue you. Velez gives his presentations in English and Spanish. Growing up in San Francisco, he learnt Spanish from his immigrant parents. Velez and other fire fighters throughout North America, who give similar presentations, will never know how many lives they save through their talks. But it s a fact that informative speaking saves lives. For example, several months after listening to an informative speech, Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food, by using the method taught by student speaker, Julie Paris. In addition to saving lives, informative speakers help people learn new skills, solve problems and acquire fascinating facts about the exciting world in which they live.26 Why do some children trapped in a burning building hide from masked fire fighters?27 What does the passage tell us about fire fighter Eric Velez?28 What do we learn about Pete Gentry?29 What message is the speaker trying to convey?Passage TwoSome people want to make and save a lot of money in order to retire early. I see people pursuing higher paying and increasingly demanding careers to accomplish this goal. They make many personal sacrifices in exchange for income today. The problem is that tomorrow might not come. Even if it all goes according to plan, will you know how to be happy when you are not working if you spend your entire life making money? More importantly, who will be around for you to share your leisure time with? At the other extreme are people who live only for today. Why bother saving when I might not be here tomorrow, they argue. The danger of this approach is that tomorrow may come after all. And most people don t want to spend all their tomorrows working for a living. The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older. You maybe surprise to hear me say that if you must pick an extreme I think it s better to pick the spend-all approach. As long as you don t mind continuing to work, assuming your health allows, you should be OK. At least, you are making use of your money, and hopefully deriving value and pleasure from it. Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a mistake. It may never come. Retirement can be a great time for some people. For others, it is a time of boredom, loneliness and poor health.30 Why do some people pursue higher paying but demanding careers?31 What is the danger facing people who live only for today?32 What does the speaker seem to advocate?Passage ThreeImagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law, and the judge put the whole neighborhood under suspicion. How fair will that be? Well, it happens everyday to high schoolers. Just because some students have stolen things in shops, all of us are treated like thieves. Even though I d never steal.Store employees looked at me like I m some kind of hardened criminal. For example, during one lunch period, my friend Denny and I went to the Graben Gore Restaurant to have a hot dog. We arrived to find a line of students waiting outside. A new sign in the window told the story. No more than two students at a time . After 15 minutes, we finally got in. But the store manger laid the evil eye on us. I asked him about the new sign, and he said, You kids are stealing too much stuff. You kids? Too much stuff? We were not only assumed to be thieves, but brilliant, greedy thieves. The most annoying thing though, is the way employees watched my friends and me. It s horrible.Once, at a drug store, I was looking around and found a guy standing on a large box, stocking the shelves. He was watching my hands, more than he was watching his own. I showed him that my hands were empty. He got down off his box and rushed off, as if he was going to get the store manger. How crazy is that!33. What does the speaker find to be unfair?34. What measure did the Graben Gore Restaurant take to stop stealing?35. What happened in a drug store that greatly annoyed the speaker?Section CWriting keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to preserve our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and appreciate their heritage. With computers and Internet connections in so many households, colleges, and businesses, people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time or talking to them in writing in online chat rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more convenient than waiting until Sunday for the telephone rates to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to receive and discuss their classroom assignments and to submit them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate on homework. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, I want you to know that I care about you. This writing practice brings rewards that can t be seen in bank accounts, but only in the success of human relationships.四、听力答案每天15分钟英语听力ID：shrj520小伙伴关注了之后，听力变成送分题▲微信扫描以上二维码Section A短对话（11~18）答案及解析：11. 答案：D解析：Woman最后说到I ll be happy here no matter what the temperature. 这表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选D。12. 答案：D解析：Woman说到but I wish the director would give me some feedback. 这表明了她希望得到director的意见（即反馈），故选D。13.答案：C解析：Man以自己上次因运动（举重）过量而受伤为例，建议女士应该量力而行，避免过量运动，故选C。14. 答案：C解析：Man开头就说到I m worried about her going on a plane. 从中可知，他担心的是年老的母亲能不能乘飞机，故选C。15.答案：C解析：警察开头问到 Why didn t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads? 通过这句话就可以知道女士没有遵守交通规则，故选C。16.答案：B解析：Man说到 Maybe you should have it fixed，女士回答到You re right.这说明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到让这个男士来修，故选B。17.答案：C解析：Man第二句话说到Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I ve had my eye on and build a house on it. 表明他能实现买地建房的理想了，故选C。18.答案：D解析：Woman说的第一句话是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.从中可知这位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受伤了，但是男士认为伤势并不严重，只建议她休养几天就可以了，不必去看医生。C是较强的干扰项，应该是女士现在需要休息而不是过去已经休息了几天，故选D。长对话（19~25）答案及解析：19. What do we learn about the woman?答案：D) She was a witness to the crime.解析：文中男士需要女士描述一下抢劫银行的人（describe the man who robbed the bank）。选项中B提到了robbery，但是对话中没有说明女士是受害者（victim）；D选项提到了她目击了某个犯罪经过，robbery显然是crime的一种。20. What did the suspect look like?答案：A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.解析：原文中提到The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.，对应选项A。21. What did the man finally asked the woman to do?答案：A) Identify the suspect from pictures.解析：对话结尾处，男士要求女士look at some photographs，很显然，他的目的是让女士通过照片来辨别嫌疑人。因此选择A。22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?答案：A) By reading a newspaper ad.解析： job vacancy指空缺的职位。在对话一开始，女士就说到她的目的：I m calling about the job that was in the paper last night.从这句话中可以看出她得知职位信息的来源是the paper last night，对应A选项。23. Why did the woman find the job appealing?答案：B) She could work close to her family.解析：本题关键词是appealing，意为引起兴趣的。女士提到她喜欢这份工作的原因是be near to the family.，close是near的同义替换词，因此选择B选项。24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva?答案：C) Working as a secretary.解析：女士提到她在日内瓦做了一些secretarial work，也就是选项C中的secretary。虽然她也提到之前在大学学习，但是她取得的学位是a degree in English，而非选项D中的a degree in French.25. What was the woman asked to do in the end?答案：C) Send in a written application as soon as possible.解析：对话中女士希望得到面试机会，但是男士要求先要递交书面申请（reply a writing to the advertisement），并不是所有人都能得到面试机会，因此选择答案C。Section BPassage One26. D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.解析：细节题，从开始when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster一句中便可得出因为不熟悉消防人员戴面具的形象，孩子们以为来救援的消防人员是怪兽，所以躲起来。所以选D。其他选项文中都没有涉及到。27. B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire.28. A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food.29. D) Informative speeches can save lives.Passage Two30. C) To make money for early retirement.解析：本题考察原因，问为什么人们喜欢比较苛求但收入较高的工作，其实听力一开始就用in order to 给出了原因，即：retire early，所以选C项。31. A) They may have to continue to work in old age.解析：本题考察后果，问只为当下而活的人面临着什么危险，从 The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older. 中可以看出A是正确选项，及在年老时有可能不得不继续工作。32. B) Enjoying yourself while you can.Passage Three33. C) Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。34. D) Allowing only two students to enter at a time。第一个小故事中的一个关键句后面紧跟答案。该关键句为， A new sign in the window told the story.而这个sign的内容就是紧随其后的 No more than two students at a time .35. B) He was closely watched.此题需要自己稍作总结，最后一个小故事说到文中的 我 去药店，却一直被盯着；此事让 我 很是不满。Section C36. preserve37. appreciate38. households39. chat40. convenient41. rates42. receive43. submit44. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.45. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.46. This writing practice brings rewards that can t be seen in bank accounts

解放军文职招聘考试2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

发布时间：2017-06-10 21:30:152010年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;3. 在我看来My Views on University RankingPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a world assembly on ageing back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled Averting the Old Age Crisis , it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, old countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50 and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world s defence effort. Because America s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).Ask me in 2020There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: We don t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in most countries could ______.[A] not be sustained in the long term[B] further accelerate the ageing process[C] hardly halt the growth of population[D] help tide over the current ageing crisis2. What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old?[A] The generation gap is bound to narrow.[B] Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.[C] The younger generation will beat the old.[D] Old people should give way to the young.3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that ______.[A] nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problem[B] most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediately[C] the proposed reforms will affect too many people s interests[D] politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis is to ______.[A] allow people to work longer [C] cut back on health care provisions[B] increase tax revenues [D] start reforms right away5. The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that ______.[A] they are generally difficult to manage[B] the longer they work, the higher their pension[C] their pay is higher than that of younger ones[D] younger workers are readily available6. To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need ______.[A] to revise its current population control policy[B] large numbers of immigrants from overseas[C] to automate its manufacturing and service industries[D] a politically feasible policy concerning population7. Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one child?[A] Small families are becoming more fashionable.[B] They find it hard to balance career and family.[C] It is too expensive to support a large family.[D] Child care is too big a problem for them.8. Compared with younger ones, older societies are less inclined to ______________________________.9. The predicted intergenerational warfare is unlikely because most of the older people themselves _________________________.10. Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit them to ____________________________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11. [A] The man is the manager of the apartment building.[B] The woman is very good at bargaining.[C] The woman will get the apartment refurnished.[D] The man is looking for an apartment.12. [A] How the pictures will turn out. [C] What the man thinks of the shots.[B] Where the botanical garden is. [D] Why the pictures are not ready.13. [A] There is no replacement for the handle.[B] There is no match for the suitcase.[C] The suitcase is not worth fixing.[D] The suitcase can be fixed in time.14. [A] He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.[B] He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.[C] He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures.[D] He does routine truck maintenance for the woman.15. [A] She cannot stand her boss s bad temper.[B] She has often been criticized by her boss.[C] She has made up her mind to resign.[D] She never regrets any decisions she makes.16. [A] Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size.[B] Replace the shirt with one of some other material.[C] Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.[D] Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.17. [A] At a Lost and Found . [C] At a trade fair.[B] At a reception desk. [D] At an exhibition.18. [A] Repair it and move in. [C] Convert it into a hotel.[B] Pass it on to his grandson. [D] Sell it for a good price.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Unique descriptive skills. [C] Colourful world experiences.[B] Good knowledge of readers tastes. [D] Careful plotting and clueing.20. [A] A peaceful setting. [C] To be in the right mood.[B] A spacious room. [D] To be entirely alone.21. [A] They rely heavily on their own imagination.[B] They have experiences similar to the characters .[C] They look at the world in a detached manner.[D] They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] Good or bad, they are there to stay.[B] Like it or not, you have to use them.[C] Believe it or not, they have survived.[D] Gain or lose, they should be modernised.23. [A] The frequent train delays. [C]The food sold on the trains.[B] The high train ticket fares. [D] The monopoly of British Railways.24. [A] The low efficiency of their operation.[B] Competition from other modes of transport.[C] Constant complaints from passengers.[D] The passing of the new transport act.25. [A] They will be de-nationalised. [C] They are fast disappearing.[B] They provide worse service. [D] They lose a lot of money.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] The whole Antarctic region will be submerged.[B] Some polar animals will soon become extinct.[C] Many coastal cities will be covered with water.[D] The earth will experience extreme weathers.27. [A] How humans are to cope with global warming.[B] How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.[C] How vulnerable the coastal cities are.[D] How polar ice impacts global weather.28. [A] It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years.[B] It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean.[C] It melted at temperatures a bit higher than those of today.[D] It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up.29. [A] The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean.[B] The West Antarctic ice sheet was about 7,000 feet thick.[C] The West Antarctic ice sheet was once floating ice.[D] The West Antarctic region used to be warmer than today.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] Whether we can develop social ties on the Internet.[B] Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.[C] Whether our blogs can be renewed daily.[D] Whether we can set up our own websites.31. [A] The number of visits they receive. [C] The files they have collected.[B] The way they store data. [D] The means they use to get information.32. [A] When the system is down. [C] When the URL is reused.[B] When new links are set up. [D] When the server is restarted.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.[B] Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.[C] Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.[D] Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.34. [A] Have some fresh fruit. [C] Take a hot shower.[B] Exercise at the gym. [D] Eat a hot dinner.35. [A] They could enjoy a happier family life.[B] They could greatly improve their work efficiency.[C] Many cancer cases could be prevented.[D] Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in realms as (36) _____________ as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs and coping with (37) ______________ illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may (38) ______________ suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.Hope has proven a powerful predictor of (39) ______________ in every study we ve done so far, said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who has devised a (40) ______________ to assess how much hope a person has.For example, in research with 3,920 college students, Dr. Snyder and his (41) ______________ found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more (42) ______________ predictor of their college grades than were their S.A.T. scores or their grade point (43) ______________ in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance.(44) ___________________________________________________________________________________________, Dr. Snyder said. When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder (45)_______________________________________________________. That notion is not concrete enough, and it blurs two key components of hope, Dr. Snyder said. (46) _____________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool, and detached. Thus, they learn early to hide vulnerable emotions such as love, joy, and sadness because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. Over time, some men become strangers to their own emotional lives. It seems that men with traditional views of masculinity are more likely to suppress outward emotions and to fear emotions, supposedly because such feelings may lead to a loss of composure (镇定). Keep in mind, however, that this view is challenged by some researchers. As with many gender gaps, differences in emotionality tend to be small, inconsistent, and dependent on the situation. For instance, Robertson and colleagues found that males who were more traditionally masculine were more emotionally expressive in a structured exercise than when they were simply asked to talk about their emotions.Males difficulty with tender emotions has serious consequences. First, suppressed emotions can contribute to stress-related disorders. And worse, men are less likely than women to seek help from health professionals. Second, men s emotional inexpressiveness can cause problems in their relationships with partners and children. For example, men who endorse traditional masculine norms report lower relationship satisfaction, as do their female partners. Further, children whose fathers are warm, loving, and accepting toward them have higher self-esteem and lower rates of aggression and behavior problems. On a positive note, fathers are increasingly involving themselves with their children. And 30 percent of fathers report that they take equal or greater responsibility for their children than their working wives do.One emotion males are allowed to express is anger. Sometimes this anger translates into physical aggression or violence. Men commit nearly 90 percent of violent crimes in the United States and almost all sexual assaults.注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47. Most young boys have been trained to believe that men who show tender feelings are considered to be ______________.48. Some men believe that if they expressed their emotions openly they might ______________.49. According to the author, men who suppress their emotions may develop ______________.50. Men who observe traditional masculine norms are said to derive less satisfaction from ______________.51. When males get angry, they can become ______________ or even commit violence.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc. to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms.In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities while still popular in elite colleges and universities have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers.Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of real world education which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.[A] solve virtually all existing problems [C] help raise people s living standards[B] quicken the pace of industrialization [D] promote the nation s social progress53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ?[A] They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.[B] They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.[C] They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.[D] They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.54. Why are American scholars worried about education today?[A] The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.[B] Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.[C] America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.[D] There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?[A] Insufficient funding. [C] Shortage of devoted faculty.[B] Shrinking enrollment. [D] Dim prospects for graduates.56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?[A] They promote the development of science and technology.[B] They help prepare students for their professional careers.[C] Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.[D] Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students creativity.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn t been born yet, or is a baby now. That s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn t long before he became a philosopher himself.The independence created by philosophical insight is in my opinion the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth, Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical and rewarding efforts.Maybe there is an Einstein out there today, said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea! Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you ll find the solution.Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his miracle year of 1905. These thought experiments were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?We all get papers like those in the mail, Greene said. We put them in the junk file.注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.58. What was critical to Einstein s success?[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.[B] His independent and abstract thinking.[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.[D] His solid foundation in math theory.59. What does the author tell us about physicists today?[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.60. What does Brian Greene imply by saying ... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)?[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.[C] Papers like Einstein s would unlikely get published today.[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations[B] was little known in academic circles[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papersPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。America s most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to 62 plans for a paywall around its digital offering, 63 the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news.Struggling 64 an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times 65 to introduce a metered model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have 66 a set number of its online articles per month.The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper 67 the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not 68 internet readers, and certain papers, 69 London s Evening Standard, have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions 70 .The New York Times s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 71 that the move is a gamble: This is a 72 , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.Boasting a print 73 of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, 74 the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. 75 most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can 76 national scope as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and 77 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world.But 78 many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a 79 financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but 80 a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million 81 from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet.62. [A] set in [C] carry over[B] set out [D] carry away63. [A] abusing [C] developing[B] deducting [D] abandoning64. [A] with [C] along[B] beside [D] by65. [A] engages [C] deliberates[B] intends [D] signifies66. [A] exceeded [C] assumed[B] multiplied [D] revealed67. [A] on [C] over[B] of [D] up68. [A] cost [C] expend[B] consume [D] charge69. [A] as for [C] such as[B] far from [D] by far70. [A] reliable [C] applicable[B] free [D] easy71. [A] resisted [C] acknowledged[B] certified [D] appealed72. [A] net [C] bet[B] kit [D] pit73. [A] evaluation [C] circulation[B] expansion [D] dimension74. [A] behind [C] before[B] against [D] within75. [A] If [C] Hence[B] While [D] Because76. [A] ascend [C] lengthen[B] announce [D] claim77. [A] contributes [C] maintains[B] disposes [D] encounters78. [A] like [C] from[B] beyond [D] through79. [A] heavy [C] rough[B] crude [D] serious80. [A] targeted [C] suffered[B] suspended [D] tolerated81. [A] asset [C] account[B] bill [D] loan大的美女编辑们Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82. There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter.83. Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).84. Much _________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.85. Oh, my, I can t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).86. I ____________________________________________ (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday.试题答案：Part ⅠWritingMy View on University RankingIn recent years, all kinds of University Ranking Lists can be found on some educational websites, or newspapers. The ranking standards also vary. These lists have great influence on students. They are even becoming the only scale to evaluate the colleges and universities.People hold different views toward this phenomenon. Some believe that these lists help the students a lot, especially for those who will choose their university. While some other protest vigorously. In their points, the list is really ridiculous and harmful. In my view, the university ranking may have its own reference values, but its disadvantages overweigh its values.For those university-students-to-be, they are supposed to choose the school according to his or her own situation, but not the so-called Ranking List. What s more, how about the university students? How do they feel about themselves when they see the ranking? The list may become some intangible shackles for them if their own school ranks poorly.In a nutshell, there is no easy method to rank these universities, but the Ranking, only helps students ignore the essentials, namely, their ninety-nine percent perspiration.此次六级作文的自由度很大，看似给出了提纲，实际上具体的观点全靠个人发挥。第一段需要点明大学排名这个现象，第二段需要铺陈不同人的观点，第三段要陈述自己的观点。大学排名这个题目，实际上涉及到了对了大学的理解，对于大学排名标准的理解，以及对于大学排名的目的的理解。而这件事更加离不开中国具体的国情，新中国50年代人至今受教育的情况，90后择校的情况，目前大学的情况，考生发挥的空间可以纵横数十年的教育史，并且可以深入探讨教育的本质。当然，对于大多数考生来说，凑满150个字万岁！那么，模板又可以派上用场了。模板一1.Different people have different views on2. Some people perfer,3. Others tend to,4.As to me, I agree with / to(1)开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。(2)表明一部分人的看法。(3)另一部分的看法。(4)作者的看法Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）1．A not be sustained in the long term解析：关键字1994对应第一段第三行，题干中unsustainable即选项A中sustained的反义表达方式。选择A。2．B Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.解析：从书名定位到原文第二段，heading for the rock, the cleaner, 都暗示了两代人之间的问题，最后的warfare则一目了然地指出了该矛盾。3．D politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election4．A allow people to work longer解析：从题干中the most effective method找到第五段第三句原话，直接选择A选项。5．D younger workers are readily available解析：题目中employer为关键字，找到第六段，该段看似没有直接提到为什么雇主不愿意雇佣old workers，但从其不断分析新涌现出来的劳动力替代者，可以总结的出D选项，即年轻劳动力的供给已足以满足企业需求。6．B large numbers of immigrants from overseas解析：这道题间接考察了学生变换思维的能力，Japan在文中一时难以找到，但其所代表的发达国家群体developed countries却出现在了第七段，而该段恰恰揭示了发达国家靠移民劳动力寻求养老机制危机一时的缓解的举措。7．B They find it hard to balance career and family.解析：compromise关键字找到第九段，关键字出现的句子前一句就是B选项。8．be innovative and take risks than younger ones解析：题目中old societies关键字对应到倒数第六段第三行，题目中的less inclined正好与原文中的more strongly disinclined形成对照，所以答案只需摘录之后的原文即可，即take risks than younger ones.9．mostly have families解析：题目中关键字intergenerational warfare对应到原文倒数第五段。第二句直接对第一句做出了解释，摘录即可。10．military service解析：要理解题目中less willing to 的含义，即不情愿，这样定位到倒数第三段第一句的reluctant， commit sth. to sth. ，空格内需要填写名词，参照原文，即military service.Listening ComprehensionSection A11. What can we infer from the conversation?12. What is the woman eager to know?13. What does the man mean?14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?15. What do we learn about the woman?16. What does the women want to do？17. Where does this conversation most probably take place?18. What does the man plan to do with his old house?19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?21. What does the man say about writers?22. What does the woman say about British railways?23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?Section BPassage One难点词汇：West Antarctic ice sheet西南极洲大冰原 ice shelf 冰架 anchored 固定的fossil 化石 microscopic marine plants 海洋微生物 geological 地质的答案及解析：26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?细节题。本题不难，从听力开头即可听到 raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded 所以选C选项。27. What do scientists disagree on?细节题。本题不难。注意关键句 but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is 即可得出答案。28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?细节题。注意提取关键信息 new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years 所以选A选项。29. What the scientists latest findings suggest?细节题。听力最后的例子说明了这一点 which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice ， 而其他选项都不是最新的发现。Passage Two30 B）Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.31 B) The way they store data.32 C) When the URL is reused.Passage Three33. A解析：第一段原文可以找到对应句子，即some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.34. B解析：第一段原文中有对应语句，即Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards.35. C解析：在此句中， The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented ，关键词prevented可以得知答案为C选项。Section C36. diverse37. tragic38. commit39. outcome40. scale41. colleagues42. accurate43. averages45. Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,46. went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.47. Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.Reading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）Section A47.答案：feminine and weak解析：文中提到 because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. 要填在to be后面就应该转化成形容词形式。48.答案：lose composure解析：文中提到may lead to a loss of composure。要用在主语后面就要把loss变成动词lose。49.答案：stress-related disorders解析：文中提到can contribute to stress-related disorder。50.答案：their relationship with partners解析：文中提到 report lower relationship satisfaction as do their female partners.故这里要重新组合转换表达形式。51.答案：aggressive解析：文中提到 into physically aggression or violence，而此处在become后就要用aggression的形容词形式。Section BPassage One52) A solve virtually existing all problems细节题。抓住时间点 In the early 2oth century 我们从第一句 offer solutions to almost every problem 便可知道答案。选择A选项。53) D They realized that science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.推论题。 我们首先比较容易排除A和C项。B项具有迷惑性，关键是看 the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic study 这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了，社会的问题主要是靠人文主义的研究？显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰当。 Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world.54) C America is lagging behind in the STEMS disciplines.55) A Insufficient funding.细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。 从 are seriously underfunded Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members 这些信息中，可以很快知道是A选项。56) C Humanistic thinking helps cultivate and define our culture and values.细节题。本题不难。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究，其他三项都是非常具体的，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句 But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. 及作者的语气可以更加确定是C选项。Passage Two57. D. It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.58. B. His independent and abstract thinking59. D. They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.60. D. Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.解析：正确答案选择D。结合Greene讲的话，他说What an idea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞的人才会相信能找到个解决方案呢！说明内容实在是比较荒诞。61. B. was little known in academic circlesCloze62 B set out set out plans表示制定计划63 D abandoning abandon 放弃，once unshakeable orthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法，也就是现在要放弃了。64 A with struggle with表示同 斗争，介词搭配，这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。65 B intends intend to表示打算 ,从后面的at the beginning of 2011，可知还没有这么做，只是计划或者打算这么做。67 A on 和side搭配，on the side of 表示拥护 ；站在 一边。69 C such as 表示举例，从后面举London"s Evening Standard作为例子，可知应该选such as.70 B free 前面提到abandon readership revenue，即放弃读者收益，由此可知应该是make print editions free.71 C acknowledged 表示承认，这里表示Arthur Sulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。72 C bet 打赌，赌注，从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。73 C circulation 发行量，从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。74 A behind NYT排名第三，即排在the Wall Street Journal and USA Today后面。75 B While while在这里表示对比，从上下文可知NYT与美国其他报纸不同。76 D claim 声称，宣称，这里是说NYT声称自己是全国范围的报纸。77 C maintains 维持，运营，即NYT还在世界其他地方运营着26个办公室。78 A like 从下文可知NYT和印刷行业的其他公司一样，也受到金融危机的影响，所以选like，表示同 一样。79 D serious 严重的，考察形容词与名词的搭配，从下文的数据可知遭受严重经济损失。80 C suffered 遭受，suffer a loss遭受损失，常见搭配。81 D loan 贷款，前文提到公司损失了很多钱，所以需要从别处借钱来补充资金。Translation82. There is no denying that you ___________(越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter.解析：can never be too careful / can not be too careful83. Only when I reached my thirties __________________________ (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)解析：did I realize that reading cannot be neglecteddid I realize that reading is unignorable84. Much ___________________ (使研究人员感到惊讶)，the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.解析：to the researchers surprise85. Oh, my, I can t find my key; __________________________（我一定是把它放在哪儿了）。解析：I must have left / put it somewhere.86．I ________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)than go to the beach for a holiday.解析：would rather join you as a volunteer

2017年军队文职行测考试：行测中关于“扑克”的考法-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育

一、关于 扑克 的数字一副扑克牌有54张牌，其中52张是正牌，另2张是副牌(大王和小王)。52张正牌又均分为13张一组，并以黑桃、红桃、梅花、方块四种花色表示各组，每组花色的牌包括从1-10(1通常表示为A)以及J、Q、K标示的13张牌。二、可考察知识点1.抽屉原理与最不利原则2.概率3.排列组合三、真题讲练A.40 B.42 C.44 D.45解析：同上题考察最不利原则。需要已抽出3个所有点数+大小王，再抽到任意一张一定会和已抽出的牌点数重复，即3 13+2+1=42张。A.1 / 17 B.2 / 17 C.1 / 19 D.2 / 19解析：我们先计算一下找到某个特定点数的对子的概率，比如两个K的概率，然后乘以13即可。先从52张牌任选一张K的概率是4 / 52，然后从剩下的51张中再选一张K的概率为3 / 51，所以两张K的概率是两次概率相乘，等于1 / 221。则答案为13 1 / 221 = 1 / 17 。