解放军文职招聘考试新闻职业道德与职业规范-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-08-29 11:38:481、新闻职业道德，就是新闻传播业的行业道德。新闻从业人员或者大众传媒自身，遵循一般的社会公德和本行业的专业标准，对其职业行为进行例行的自我自我约束和自我控制。2、新闻自律，是新闻传播行业道德和规范的成文公约或行业公认的惯例，包括现在非法律的新闻行业自律组织的工作规则和处罚条例。3、新闻职业道德在政治和市场之间所处的位置：新闻职业道德与党对传播的政治要求、市场对其作为产业的传媒提出的要求，有关系。但是由于新闻传播业的特殊性，对其的政治要求和市场要求之间，存在着一个中间地带，就是行业的职业道德要求。职业道德，即这个行业应该履行的基本的社会职责。传媒基本的社会职责是监测社会环境，向人们报告发生在身边的或遥远地方的重大社会变化，老百姓指导这个信息以后能够采取措施来应对。这是传媒的职责，也是一种职业意识，或叫职业精神。因为记者永远无法照顾到与其报道内容利益相关的所有方面，这是记者在工作产生 道德两难 问题的根本原因。如果以利益作为决定与否的标准，传媒将丧失其基本职能。因而，应该按照一定的职业自律的程序做，记者和编辑不参与传媒利益的直接去的，是最合理的选择。要求记者形成专业医师，需要形成这种意识的条件，即责任、权利、利益统一。要求记者具备新闻传播的专业意识，就得明确他的责任、权利和利益，三者统一，准确落实，使传媒各种职能或身份的人充分到位。其中的关键在于将编辑部门和经营部分分离开，让记者、编辑专司其职，同时保障他们的权利，这样专业意识就会产生，专业精神才可能得到弘扬。4.新闻专业主义新闻专业主义，主要指的是新闻工作者的职业意识，以及围绕职业的一套新闻传播专业的操作要求。可以概括为以下六点：第一，专业（行业）意识：监测社会环境的责任意识。第二，职业规范意识和评价标准。第三，新闻从业人员具备专业知识、技能和传媒的专业培训机制。第四，严格、客观的专业资格的认可制度。第五，专业内部的自律。第六，专业精神的范例。二、 我国职业新闻从业者道德意识现状：应该是自律解决的问题，由于缺少自律，于是只好用他律来替代。三、 造成职业道德缺失的原因1、体制转型。2、商业利益。3、行业内混岗。4、记者岗位聘任违规和人员流动率过高。四、 目前首先要做的事情1、将记者的 权力 意识转变为 权利 意识。2、立足于同行控制，职业角色通过职业理念内化而形成。3、明确一系列具体的职业规范。4、提升新闻职业道德研究的学术质量。五、 目前普遍存在的违反职业规范的16种现象1、编辑部与经营部混岗。2、广告版与新闻版混岗。3、新闻栏目拉企业赞助。4、受贿无闻，拿了人家的钱替人家遮掩，闭嘴不说话。5、假新闻。6、制造 新闻假事件 。7、免费接受被采访方的各种好处。8、侵犯隐私权。9、侵犯著作权。10、媒介审判。11、介入式隐形采访和偷拍偷录。12、拒绝更正与答辩。13、恶炒明星绯闻和犯罪新闻。14、无人性的冷漠新闻。15、直接展现暴力、血腥、灾难、痛苦的照片或画面。16、虚假广告和庸俗广告。六、 新闻职责忠诚的两个金字塔模式1、新闻从业者职责忠诚的刀金字塔模式：社会职责 专业职责 组织职责 个人职责首先要承担社会职责。其次，要从专业角度履行职责。然后，由于每个工作人员的工作岗位是不同的，服务的受众群也有差异，所以还要承担传媒组织赋予的具体职责。每个传媒人员，还要为自身发展确定更为具体的职责。2、媒体自律的正金字塔层级模式：职业层面 传媒层面 行业层面 制度化层面
解放军文职招聘考试江苏题-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-06-30 23:21:40People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of threat value. It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.What news stories do you read?Division ofnews stories● People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news.● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won t.(72)▲ofthe two classes ● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)▲ .● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74)▲similar feelings with those involved.● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75) ▲to them.● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)▲for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (77)▲from the reality.Unstable boundariesof the two classes ● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (78) ▲.● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (79)▲ themselves to the reality.● Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)▲on the reader.71．rewards/rewarded72．Explanations73．involvement74．share75．threat76．prepare77．withdraw78．profession(s)/intention79．adapt80．depends71．信息查找题。根据 People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. 可知此处填rewards/rewarded 得到回报/被奖励 。73．信息转换题。根据第三段第二句 A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. 可知此处填involvement 参与 。74．信息归纳题。根据第三段中 A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs. 可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share 同样有 。75．信息查找题。根据第四段中 It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, It has a kind of threat value. 可知此处填threat 威胁 。76．信息转换题。根据第四段中 It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. 可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配 为 做准备 。77．信息查找题。根据第四段中 When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. 此处填withdraw 退出，离开 。78．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中 For example, a sociologist may A coach may A politician may 可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s) 职业 /intention 意图，动机 。79．信息查找题。根据第四段中 When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. 可知此处填adapt 使适应 。80．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中 while the division of categories holds in general, an individual s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward. 可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配 取决于 。
