解放军文职招聘考试2016年高考英语试卷-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-06-2721:31:49绝密★启封前2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语试卷类型A注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.19.15B.9.18C.9.15答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Havingabirthdayparty.B.Doingsomeexercise.C.GettingLydiaagift2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Helptheman.B.Takeabus.C.Getacamera3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.TellKatetostop.B.CallKate,sfriends.C.StayawayfromKate.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inawineshop.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inarestaurant.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Keepthewindowclosed.B.Gooutforfreshair.C.Turnonthefan.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemangoingtodothissummer?A.Teachacourse.B.Repairhishouse.C.Workatahotel.7.Howwillthemanusethemoney?A.Tohireagardener.B.Tobuybooks.C.Topayforaboattrip.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Colleagues.C.Roommates.9.WhatdoesFrankplantodorightaftergraduation?A.Workasaprogrammer.B.Travelaroundtheworld.C.Starthisownbusiness.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第8段材料，回答第10至12题10.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tobookahotelroom.B.ToaskabouttheroomserviceC.Tomakechangestiareservation11.Whenwillthewomenarriveatthehotel?A.OnSeptember15B.OnSeptember16C.OnSeptember2312.Howmuchwillthewomanpayherroompernight?A.$179B.$199C.$219听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatisthewomansplanforSaturday?A.GoingshoppingB.GoingcampingC.Goingboating14.WherewilltnewomanstayinKeswick?A.InacountryinnB.Inafive-starhotelC.Inherauntshome15.WhatwillGordondoovertheweekend?A.VisithisfriendsB.WatchDVDsC.Jointhewoman16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofGordonscomingweekend?A.RelaxedB.BoringC.Busy.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题17.WhoisWangMing?A.AstudentB.AnemployerC.Anengineer18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollegejobmarketthisyear?A.ItsunpredictableB.ItsquitestableC.Itsnotoptimistic19.Wharpercentageofstudentjobseekershavefoundajobbynow?A．20％B.22％C.50％20.Whyareengineeringgraduatesmorelikelytoacceptajob?A.TheyneedmoreworkexperienceB.ThesalaryisusuallygoodC.Theirchoiceislimited.第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addanshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneedIn1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)IfitwerentforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworldslakesandoceans.SandraDayOConnor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayOConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.OConnorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetlfftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredlrgivingin,saidParks.21.WhatisjaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.22.WhatisthereasonforOConnorsbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayOConnor.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.GrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObamasmother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.RobinsonsdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObamasfamily.inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldntgetawayfromhomefarenoughfsstenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemanazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyourerainingchildren.Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarzasmoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinsonsdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterests"oftheirownB.AsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemC.SacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenD.GettoknowthemselvesbetterIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I"vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI"vegottwoicepacksandthat"showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,wevegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.学科网IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:Well,Imreallysorry,Ivegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,youvegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplancetobeheldforme.re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,youreconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyouregotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebodyslife.29.WhichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordcourierinParagraph17AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.D.Theicewon"tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondonB.ToNewarkC.ToProvidenceD.ToWashingtonDThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson"sneeds.学科网ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicudnerdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-geiversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexpericencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatientssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate。Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersofMyelephanteatstoomanyeelsSpelloutthehiddenmessageMeetme.38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,Forexample,Letsnumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessageMeetmewouldread13520135.Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,bridgemightstandformeetandoutmightstandforme.ThemessagebridgeoutwouldactuallymeanMeetme.40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers.Inc.Onemorningin2009.Larrywas__41__along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawomansvoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrive,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewomanslife.41.A.walkingB.touringC．travelingD．rushing42.A.passengersB.colleaguesC.employersD.customers43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.If44.A.eachB.anotherC.thatD.his45.A.flamesB.smokeC.waterD.steam46.A.usedB.disabledC.removedD.abandoned47.A.gotholdofB.preparedC.tookchargeofD.controlled48.A.camedownB.camethroughC.cameinD.cameover49.A.returnedB.receivedC.madeD.confirmed50.A.thenB.againC.finallyD.even51.A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.Approaching52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm53.A.forB.soC.andD.but54.A.explodeB.slipawayC.fallapartD.crash55.A.asifB.unlessC.incaseD.after56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbiddenB.readyC.askedD.free59.A.forcertainB.forconsiderationC.reportedD.checked60.A.patienceB.skillsC.effortsD.promise第II卷第三部分英语知识运用第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asiasbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____62_（arrow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.学科网Onmurecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.第四部分写作（共两节满分35）第一节短文改错（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。学科网修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多着（从第11处起）不计分。Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothat1love.Thoughnotverybig,buttheRestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.SomePeopleevenhadtowaitoutsideMyuncletellsmethatthekeytohisSuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualltyoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教MrJenkins写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）学科网1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。教师制作，有可能存在少量错误，仅供参考使用。2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标I卷试卷总评：2016年高考英语新课标I卷试题整体难度与往年大体相同，题型没有重大变化。其中，阅读理解体裁多样，有记叙文、说明文、应用文等，侧重考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。完形填空仍是夹叙夹议文，着重考查实词在语篇中的准确运用，难度适中。语法填空和短文改错涉及到动词，形容词，名词，等常见考点，充分考查了学生对篇章解读以及对语境和语法知识的掌握。书面表达是学生熟悉的书信文体，话题接近学生生活，人人有话可说，有感而发。给考生提供了充分的拓展空间，具有开放性，难度较低。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）A篇阅读21-24ACDCB篇阅读25-28ADCAC篇阅读29-31BDBD篇阅读32-35CADB第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）3640DEGFA第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）41-45CDCBA46-50DADCA51-55DBDAC56-60BBCAC第二节英语知识运用（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）61.attraction62.wasallowed63.officially64.to65.when66.permitted67.introducing68.his69.days70.the第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）71.thatwhere72.but去掉73.timestime74.hadhave75.honesthonesty76.orand77.usingused78.becoming前加of79.thea80.ourhis第二节书面表达（满25分）略
解放军文职招聘考试教育学基础核心试卷（三）-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-06-1820:02:392008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学基础核心试卷（三）说明：1.本试卷满分300分，考试时间为180分钟。2.本试卷共分四个部分：单项选择题、辨析题、简答题和分析论述题。3.本试卷为闭卷、笔试试卷。4.选择题的答案请填入选择题答题卡内。一、单项选择题：1~45小题，每小题2分，共90分。在下列每小题给出的四个选项中，请选出一项最符合题目要求的。1.教育学研究的任务是()A.研究教育现象，揭示教育规律B.教育实践C.教育事实D.教育问题2.生物起源说的代表人物是()A.孟禄B.麦丁斯基C.勒图尔诺D.华生3.文化对教育的影响，最直接的方面是()A.教育制度B.教育规模C.学校课程内容D.教育模式4.确定了我国20世纪末教育发展总目标的是()A.1985年《中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定》B.1993年《中国教育改革和发展纲要》C.1999年《中共中央、国务院关于深化教育改革，全面推进素质教育的决定》D.2001年《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》5.对年轻一代发展起主导作用的是()A.学校教育B.社会影响C.自身提高D.家庭教育6.影响学制对各级各类学校分段的主要依据是()A.人口状况B.青少年儿童的年龄特征C.文化传统D.社会制度7.强调课程的内容应是人类文化的共同要索，提出课程设置原则中首先要考虑的是国家和民族的利益的是()A.学科课程B.社会改造主义课程论C.存在主义课程论D.后现代主义课程论8.建立在对课程计划的重要性和人们共同为实现预期目标而努力作出悲观主义的估计基础上的，把课程实施当作一种讨价还价的过程。这种课程实施的取向是()A.适应或改编取向B.忠诚或精确实施的取问C.课程创生取向D.得过且过取向9.整个教学工作的中心环节是()A.备课B.上课C.布置、检查课外作业D.课外辅导10.以下不是我国德育的内容的是()A.社会主义、爱国主义、集体主义的政治方向和价值观教育B.社会主义民主和社会主义法制纪律教育C.全球伦理和环境伦理教育D.消费者权益教育11.西周时期小学的教育内容主要是()A.基本汉字B.基本伦常道德教化C.基本常识和待人接物的礼数D.四书、五经12.稷下学宫的特点不包括()A.唯一的非官办高等学府B.教师政治地位高，生活待遇优厚C.百家争鸣，自由辩论D.相互吸收，趋向融合13.孔子的道德教育的核心是()A.爱人B.忠恕C.礼、仁D.兼爱非攻14.提出教育要授人以一技之长和促进实业发展，意在改革学校毕业生大量难以升学却又无谋生之能的现状的是()A.实用主义教育思潮B.勤工俭学运动C.职业教育思潮D.工读主义教育思潮15.严复主张()，反对张之洞的中体西用A.体用一致B.体用分开C.体用相混D.不讲体用16.抗日战争时期西迁的大学有()A.北京大学、清华大学、浙江大学B.燕京大学、东北大学、圣约翰大学C.中国人民抗日军政大学、东南大学、辅仁大学D.华北联合大学、中央大学、南开大学17.南宋时期著名的四大书院是()A.岳麓书院、白鹿洞书院、丽泽书院、象山书院B.岳麓书院、应天府书院、篙阳书院、茅山书院C.岳麓书院、白鹿洞书院、石鼓书院、应天府书院D.篙阳书院、茅山书院、丽泽书院、应天府书院18.以下不是严复主张的是()A.鼓民力B.育新民C.开民智D.兴民德19.以下不是抗大的教育方针的是()A.坚定不移的政治方向B.艰苦奋斗的工作作风C.艰苦朴素的生活作风D.机动灵活的战略战术20.下列搭配不正确的是()A.晏阳初--中华职业教育学社B.梁漱溟--中华平民教育促进会C.黄炎培--中华职业教育学社D.陶行知--中华平民教育促进会21.苏格拉底教学法的特点是()A.强调教师创作用B.一定要在街头进行C.师生平等对话，启发诱导D.让学生处于无知的境地22.对智者的描述不正确的是()A.怀疑主义、相对主义和个人主义B.传授辨证术和自然科学知识C.是西方最早的职业教师D.把世界万物的关系看成是数的关系23.卢梭把教育划分为三个方面，其中不包括()A.灵魂的教育B.自然教育C.事物教育D.人为教育24.在教育史上第一次提出双语教育问题的是()A.蒙田B.柏拉图C.奥古斯丁D.昆体良25.导生制也即()A.贝尔--兰卡斯特制B.德可乐利教学法C.葛雷制D.文纳特卡制26.德国教育异于其他欧美国家的特点是()A.实行升学预备教育B.培养上层职业者C.设立骑士学院D.重视实科教育27.1914年，美国制定的一个能对全国的职业教育提供财政补助的法律是()A.《国家在危机中：教育改革势在必行》B.《国防教育法》C.《史密斯--体斯法》D.《中小学教育法》28.《哈比改革》的重点是()A.加强法国的职业教育B.加强法国的基础教育C.加强法国高高等教育D.加强法国的成人教育29.八年研究计划中实验研究的特点不包括()A.实验学校具有较大的自主权B.实验的参与人员广泛C.实验研究以进步主义教育思想为指导D.参与实验的学校面广，有代表性30.生计教育的实质是()A.为了谋生B.为了得到一份工作C.职业教育为中心重新建立教育制度D.以职业教育和劳动教育为核心的适应瞬息的万变的社会的教育31.第一个系统论述教育心理学的心理学家，被称为现代教育心理学之父的是()A.斯金纳B.华生C.加涅D.桑代克32.先行组织者策略是下列哪位心理学家提出来的()A.奥苏泊尔B.班杜拉C.皮亚杰D.沃特33.在弗洛伊德人格理论中，活动遵循现实原则的是()A.本我B.自我C.超我D.自我理想34.埃里克森认为，人在中年时期所面对的矛盾是()A.友爱亲密对孤独B.繁殖对停滞C.完美无憾对悲观失望D.角色同一性对角色混乱35.儿童为了获得奖赏或满足个人需要而遵从准则，偶尔也包括满足他人需要的行动，他们认为如果行为者最终得益，那么为别人效劳就是对的。根据科尔伯格的道德发展阶段理论，此时期，儿童处于()A.惩罚服从取向阶段B.相对功利取向阶段C.寻求认可取向阶段D.遵守法规取向阶段36.对客观事物作判断时，常常利用自己内部的参照，不易受外来的因素影响和干扰的人通常是()A.场依存性B.冲动型C.场独立性D.慎思型37.学生为了获得教师的赞许而努力学习，这种动机被奥苏泊尔成为()A.附属内驱力B.自我提高的内驱力C.认知内驱力D.主导内驱力38.强调教师的角色是助产士与催化剂，而不是权威的学习理论是()A.布鲁纳的认知发现论B.人本主义学习理论C.格式塔的顿悟论D.班杜拉的社会学习理论39.自我效能感理论是由谁提出来的()A.埃里克森B.卡芬顿C.马斯洛D.班杜拉40.为光耀门楣而读书的学习动机属于()A.近景性内部动机B.近景性外部动机C.远景性内部动机D.远景性外部动机41.影响概念转变的因素不包括()A.前期学习B.所在物质环境C.言语揭示D.实践42.期望--价值理论的代表人物是()A.戴维麦克利兰B.海德C.班杜拉D.卡芬顿43.理论研究的成果主要表现为()A.调查报告B.实验报告C.经验总结D.学术论文44.在教育科学的理论研究中，考察教育现象的起源、形成、变化发展过程及其本质，常用的方法是()A.教育观察法B.发生学法C.教育调查法D.教育实验法45.单因素方差分析又通称为方差分析，即利用方差进行()A.检验B.检验C.Z检验D.F检验二、辨析题：46~48小题，每小题10分，共30分。首先判断正误然后说明理由。46.班级授课制在现阶段应该被取消，因为它不利于学生能力的发展。47.人与人之间的差别主要在于后天努力。48.正确选题是科研成功的关键。三、简答题：49~54小题，每小题15分，共90分。49.简述教育的文化功能。50.师生关系的特点是什么？51.简述孔子的教育教学思想。52.蒙台梭利的教育思想是什么？53.简述《巴尔福教育法》的主要内容。54.简述布鲁纳的结构教学观。四、分析论述题：(55~58小题，每小题30分，共90分。57、58任选一题,若两题都答按57题给分)55.论述苏霍姆林斯基关于人的全面发展思想的内容及其教育实践意义。56.试从中体西用思想的形成、发展来分析其在历史上的作用及局限。57.阅读下列材料，结合有关教育学原理知识进行评价分析。某班的英语科代表为了帮助大家更好的掌握英语，征得老师的同意，在自修课上组织同学测验。谁知课后有同学反映，测验时许多人看书，连班干部也不例外。怎么办？任课老师想起汤姆斯麦考莱的一句名言：在真相肯定是永远无人知的情况下，一个人的所作所为能显示出他的品格。第二天，他要求全班同学把这句名言背下来，并讲了一个反映学生时代作弊、30年后愧疚的故事，然后让每一位学生写一篇体会，题目是心灵的答案。在答案中，有的学生写到作弊发生后，老师没有骂我们，但在背诵名言时，我的心比挨了骂还难受，我将永远记住这一天我决定向真理投降，承认错误。有的写道：我的英语卷虽然得到了好分数，但在道德答卷中却得了个零分。有的干部虽然没有作弊，但也认识到自己未尽干邵的责任，及时阻止同学的作弊行为。就这样，共有22位同学在答卷中承认错误，有的还回想到小学三年级时的一次作弊行为，表示今后去母校探望老师时向老师承认，请求老师原惊。之后，这位老师又把这些好的答卷制作成录音，取名为心声，让同学在听录音的过程中再接受一次教育。58.根据要求回答问题。有人认为，品行不良的青少年在社会交往中更多地受同伴的影响，而品行端正的青少年则更乡地受到父母的影响。试从教育心理学方面来分析这一问题，并设计一项研究检验这一观点(要求说明研究的基本思路、被试、研究工具或材料、研究步骤、结果的统计处理方法)。
解放军文职招聘考试2013年12月英语四级真题试卷（第二套）word版-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
解放军文职招聘考试2013年12月英语四级真题试卷（第二套）word版发布时间：2017-06-1819:01:082013年12月英语四级真题试卷（第二套）word版PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheincreasinguseofthemobilephoneinpeople"slifeandthenexplaintheconsequencesofoverusingit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionA（对话部分）A)Gotoaplacehehasvisited.B)Makeherownarrangements.C)Consultatravelagent.D)Joininapackagetour.A)Theyareonalongtripbycar.B)Theyarestuckinatrafficjam.C)Theyareusedtogettingupearly.D)Theyaretiredofeatingoutatnight.A)Heisapersondifficulttodealwith.B)Hedislikesanyformalgathering.C)Heisunwillingtospeakinpublic.D)Heoftenkeepsadistancefromothers.A)Workinanotherdepartment.B)Pursuefurthereducation.C)Recruitgraduatestudents.D)Takeanadministrativejob.A)Hewouldnotbeavailabletostartthejobintime.B)Heisnotquitequalifiedfortheartdirectorposition.C)Hewouldliketoleavesomemoretimeforhimself.D)HewillgethisapplicationletterreadybeforeMay1.A)Cleaner.B)Mechanic.C)Porter.D)Salesman.A)Requestoneortworoommatestodothecleaning.B)HelpLaurawithhertermpaperduethisweekend.C)GetLauratocleantheapartmentherselfthistime.D)AskLauratoputoffthecleaninguntilanotherweek.A)Aproblemcausedbytheconstruction.B)Anaccidentthatoccurredonthebridge.C)ThebuildingprojecttheyareworkingD)Thepublictransportationconditions.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Tolookforajobasasalesperson.B)TohaveatalkwithMissThompson.C)Toplaceanorderforsomeproducts.D)Tocomplainaboutafaultyappliance.A)Thepersoninchargeisnotintheoffice.B)Thesuppliesareoutofstockforthemoment.C)Theyfailedtoreachanagreementontheprice.D)Thecompanyisre-cataloguingtheitems.A)0743,12536extension15.B)0734,21653extension51.C)0734,38750extension15.D)0743,62135extension51.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sincehefoundagirlfriend.B)Sincehetooktoheavysmoking.C)Sincehebegantoexerciseregularly.D)Sincehestartedtoliveonhisown.A)Heisgettingtoofat.B)Hesmokestoomuch.C)Hedoesnteatvegetables.D)Hedoesntlookwellatall.A)Theyareoverweightfortheirage.B)Theyarerespectfultotheirparents.C)Theyarestillintheirearlytwenties.D)Theydislikedoingphysicalexercise.A)Toquitsmoking.B)Toreducehisweight.C)Tofindagirlfriend.D)Tofollowheradvice.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theyhavedestroyedseveralsmalltowns.B)TheywillsoonspreadtoSanFrancisco.C)Theyhaveinjuredmanyresidents.D)Theyareburningoutofcontrol.A)Theyhavebeenhospitalized.B)Theyhavegotskinproblems.C)Theywerechokedbythethicksmoke.D)Theywerepoisonedbytheburningchemicals.A)Itfailedbecauseofasuddenrocketexplosion.B)Ithasbeenre-scheduledforamiddaytakeoff.C)Ithasbeencanceledduetotechnicalproblems.D)Itwasdelayedforelevenhoursandthirtyminutes.A)Theymadefrequentlong-distancecallstoeachother.B)TheyillegallyusedgovernmentcomputersinNewJersey.C)Theywerefoundtobesmarterthancomputerspecialists.D)Theywerearrestedforstealinggovernmentinformation.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Peaceful.B)Considerate.C)Generous.D)Cooperative.A)Someonedumpedtheclothesleftinthewasheranddryer.B)Someonebrokethewasheranddryerbyoverloadingthem.C)MindyLanceslaundryblockedthewaytothelaundryroom.D)MindyLancethreatenedtotakerevengeonherneighbors.A)Askingtheneighborhoodcommitteeforhelp.B.)Limitingtheamountoflaundryforeachwash.C)Informingthebuildingmanagerofthematter.D)Installingafewmorewashersanddryers.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Sheisbothapopularandhighlyrespectedauthor.B)SheisthemostlovedAfricannovelistofalltimes.C)Sheisthemostinfluentialauthorsincethe1930s.D)Sheisthefirstwritertofocusonthefateofslaves.A)TheBookCriticsCircleAward.B)TheNobelPrizeforliterature.C)ThePulitzerPrizeforfiction.D)TheNationalBookAward.A)SheisarelativeofMorrisons.B)SheisaslavefromAfrica.C)Sheisaskilledstoryteller.D)Sheisablackwoman.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Manycollegestudentstodayownpersonalcomputersthatcostanywherefrom$1000toperhaps$5000ormore.__26__,itisnotuncommonforthemtopurchase__27__costinganotherseveralhundreddollars.Twentyyearsago,computerswere__28__,buttheywereverylargeandextremelyexpensive.Few,ifany.__29__purchasedcomputersforhomeuse.Overtheyears,thepriceofthegutsofacomputer-itsmemory-hasdeclinedtolessthanathousandthofthepriceperunitofmemorythatprevailedtwentyyearsago.Thisisthemainreasonwhycomputerscostsomuchlesstodaythantheyusedto.Moreover.__30__improvementshavemadeitpossibleto__31__memorycircuitrythatissmallenoughtofitintotheportablepersonalcomputersthatmanyofusownanduse.__32__,asthepriceofcomputationhasdeclinedtheaverageconsumerandbusinesshavespentmoreonpurchasingcomputers.__33__improvedagriculturaltechnology,hybrid(杂交)seeds.__34__animalbreeding,andsoonhavevastlyincreasedtheamountofoutputatypicalfarmercanproduce.Thepricesofgoodssuchasmeatsandgrainshavefallensharplyrelativetothepricesofmostothergoodsandservices.Asagriculturalpriceshavefallen,manyhouseholdshavedecreasedtheirtotalexpensesonfood.Eventhoughthe__35__ofaproductpurchasedgenerallyincreaseswhenitspricefalls,totalexpensesonitmaydecline.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minntes)SectionAQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Togetasenseofhowwomenhaveprogressedinscience,takeaquicktourofthephysicsdepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Thisisastoriedplace,the__36__ofsomeofthemostimportantdiscoveriesinmodernscience-startingwithErnestLawrence"sinventionofthecyclotron(回旋加速器)in1931.Agenerationago,femalefaceswere__37__and,eventoday,visitorswalkingthroughthefirstfloorofLeConteHallwillseeafullcorridorofexhibits__38__themanydistinguishedphysicistswhomadehistoryhere.__39__allofthemwhitemales.Butclimbuptothethirdfloorandyou"llseea__40__display.There,amongthephotosofcurrentfacultymembersandstudents,areportraitsofthe__41__headofthedepartment,MarjorieShapiro,andfourotherwomenwhoseresearch__42__everythingfromthemechanicsoftheuniversetothesmallestparticlesofmatter.Asixthwomanwashiredjusttwoweeksago.Althoughthey"restillonlyabout10percentofthephysicsfaculty,womenareclearlyapresencehere.Andthereal__43__maybeinthesmallerphotostotheright:graduateandundergraduatestudents,about20percentofthemfemale.EveryyearBerkeleysendsitsfreshfemalephysicsPhDstothecountry"stopuniversities.ThatmakesShapirooptimistic,butalso__44__.Ibelievethingsaregettingbetter,shesays,butthey"renotgettingbetteras__45__asIwouldlike.SectionBIsCollegeaWorthyInvestment?A)Whyarewespendingsomuchmoneyoncollege?Andwhyarewesounhappyaboutit?Weallseemtoagreethatacollegeeducationiswonderful,andyetstrangelyweworrywhenweseefamiliesinvestingsomuchinthissupposedlyessentialgood.Maybeit"stimetoaskaquestionthatseemsalmostsacrilegious(大不敬的):isallthisinvestmentincollegeeducationreallyworthit?B)Theanswer,Ifear,isno.Foranincreasingnumberofkids,theextratimeandmoneyspentpursuingacollegediplomawillleavethemworseoffthantheywerebeforetheysetfootoncampus.C)Formyentireadultlife,agoodeducationhasbeenthemostimportantthingformiddle-classhouseholds.Myparentsspentmoreeducatingmysisterandmethantheyspentontheirhouse,andthey"renottheonlyones...and,ofcourse,foranincreasingnumberoffamilies,mostofthecostoftheirhouseisactuallythecostoflivinginagoodschooldistrict.Questioningthevalueofacollegeeducationseemsabitlikequestioningthevalueofhappiness,orfun.D)Theaveragepriceofallgoodsandserviceshasrisenabout50percent.Butthepriceofacollegeeducationhasnearlydoubledinthattime.Istheeducationthattoday"sstudentsaregettingtwiceasgood?Arenewworkerstwiceassmart?Havetheybecomesomehowmassivelymoreexpensivetoeducate?E)Perhapsabit.RichardVedder,anOhioUniversityeconomicsprofessor,says,Ilookatthedata,andIseecollegecostsrisingfasterthaninflationuptothemid-1980sby1percentayear.NowIseethemrising3to4percentayearoverinflation.Whathashappened?Thefederalgovernmenthasstarteddroppingmoneyoutofairplanes.Aidhasincreased,subsidized(补贴的)loanshavebecomeavailable,andtheuniversitieshavegottenthemoney.EconomistBryanCaplan,whoiswritingabookabouteducation,agrees:It"sagiantwasteofresourcesthatwillcontinueaslongasthesubsidiescontinue.F)Promotionalliteratureforcollegesandstudentloansoftenspeaksofdebtasaninvestmentinyourself.Butaninvestmentissupposedtogenerateincometopayofftheloans.Morethanhalfofallrecentgraduatesareunemployedorinjobsthatdonotrequireadegree,andtheamountofstudent-loandebtcarriedbyhouseholdshasincreasedmorethanfivetimessince1999.Thesegraduatesweretoldthatadiplomawasalltheyneededtosucceed,butitwon"tevengetthemoutofthesparebedroomatMomandDad"s.Formany,themostvisibleresultoftheirfouryearsistheloanpayments,whichnowaveragehundredsofdollarsamonthonloanbalancesinthetensofthousands.G)It"strueaboutthemoney-sortof.Collegegraduatesnowmake80percentmorethanpeoplewhohaveonlyahigh-schooldiploma,andthoughtherearenopreciseestimates,thewagepremium(高出的部分)foranoutstandingschoolseemstobeevenhigher.Butthat"snottrueofeverystudent.It"sveryeasytospendfouryearsmajoringinEnglishliteratureandcomeoutnomoreemployablethanyouwerebeforeyouwentin.Conversely,chemicalengineersstraightoutofschoolcaneasilymakealmostfourtimesthewagesofanentry-levelhigh-schoolgraduate.H)JamesHeckman,theNobelPrize-winningeconomist,hasexaminedhowthereturnsoneducationbreakdownforindividualswithdifferentbackgroundsandlevelsofability.Evenwiththesehighprices,you"restillfindingahighreturnforindividualswhoarebrightandmotivated,hesays.Ontheotherhand,ifyou"renotcollegeready,thentheanswerisno,it"snotworthit.Expertstendtoagreethatfortheaveragestudent,collegeisstillworthittoday,buttheyalsoagreethattherapidincreaseinpriceiseatingupmoreandmoreofthepotentialreturn.Forborderlinestudents,tuition(学费)risecanpushthosereturnsintonegativeterritory.I)Everyoneseemstoagreethatthegovernment,andparents,shouldberethinkinghowweinvestinhighereducationandthatemployersneedtorethinktheincreasinguseofcollegedegreesascrudescreeningtoolsforjobsthatdon"treallyrequirecollegeskills.Employersseeingasurplusofcollegegraduatesandlookingtofilljobsarejustaddingthatrequirement.saysVedder.Infact,acollegedegreebecomesajobrequirementforbecomingabar-tender.J)Wehavestartedtoseesomechangeonthefinanceside.Alawpassedin2007allowsmanystudentstocaptheirloanpaymentat10percentoftheirincomeandforgivesanybalanceafter25years.Butofcourse,thatdoesn"tcontrolthecostofeducation!itjustshiftsittotaxpayers.Italsoencouragesgraduatestochooselower-payingcareers,whichreducesthefinancialreturntoeducationstillfurther.You"resubsidizingpeopletobecomepriestsandpoetsandsoforth,saysHeckman.Youmaythinkthat"sagoodthing,oryoumaynot.Eitherwayitwillbeexpensiveforthegovernment.K)Whatmightbealotcheaperisputtingmorekidstowork.Caplannotesthatworkalsobuildsvaluableskills-probablymorevaluableforkidswhodon"tnaturallylovesittinginaclassroom.Heckmanagreeswholeheartedly:Peoplearedifferent,andthoseabilitiescanbeshaped.That"swhatwe"velearned,andpublicpolicyshouldrecognizethat.L)Heckmanwouldliketoseemoreapprenticeship-style(学徒式)programs,wherekidscanlearnintheworkplace-learnnotjustspecificjobskills,butthekindofsoftskills,likegettingtoworkontimeandgettingalongwithateam-thatarecrucialforcareersuccess.It"sabouthavingmentors(指导者)andhavingworkplace-basededucation,hesays.TimeandagainI"veseenexamplesofthiskindofprogramworking.M)Ah,buthowdowegettherefromhere?Withbetterpublicpolicy,hopefully,butalsobymakingbetterindividualdecisions.Historicallymarketshavebeenabletohandlethesethings,saysVedder.andIthinkeventuallymarketswillhandlethisone.Ifitdoesn"timprovesoon,peoplearegoingtowakeupandask,"WhyamIgoingtocollege?"注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Caplansuggeststhatkidswhodon"tloveschoolgotowork.47.Anincreasingnumberoffamiliesspendmoremoneyonhousesinagoodschooldistrict.48.Subsidizedloanstocollegestudentsareahugewasteofmoney,accordingtooneeconomist.49.Moreandmorekidsfindtheyfareworsewithacollegediploma.50.Forthosewhoarenotpreparedforhighereducation,goingtocollegeisnotworthit.51.Overtheyearsthecostofacollegeeducationhasincreasedalmostby100%.52.Alawpassedrecentlyallowsmanystudentstopaynomorethanonetenthoftheirincomefortheircollegeloans.53.Middle-classAmericanshavehighlyvaluedagoodeducation.54.Morekidsshouldbeencouragedtoparticipateinprogramswheretheycanlearnnotonlyjobskillsbutalsosocialskills.55.Overfiftypercentofrecentcollegegraduatesremainunemployedorunabletofindasuitablejob.SectionCPassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Arecentglobalsurveyof2000high-net-worthindividualsfoundthat60%werenotplanningonatraditionalretirement.AmongUSparticipants,75%expectedtocontinueworkinginsomecapacityevenaftersteppingawayfromfull-timejobs.Manyofthesepeoplemadetheirwealthbydoingsomethingthey"repassionate(有激情的)about.saysDanielEgan,headofbehavioralfinanceforBarclaysWealthAmericas.Giventhechoice,theyprefertocontinueworking.Barclayscallsthesepeoplenevertirees.UnlikemanyAmericanscompelledintoearlyretirementbycompanyrestrictions,theaveragenevertireeoftenhasnooneforcinghishand.If106-year-oldinvestorIrvingKahn,headofhisownfamilyfirm,wantstokeepcomingtoworkeveryday.who"sgoingtostophim?Seventy-eight-year-oldSupremeCourtJusticeRuthBaderGinsburg"sjobsecurityisguaranteedintheConstitution.Itmayseemthattheseelderlypeoplearetryingtocheatdeath.Infact,theyare.Andit"sworking.HowardFriedman,aprofessoratUCRiverside,foundinhisresearchthatthosewhoworkhardestandaresuccessfulintheircareersoftenlivethelongestlives.Peoplearegenerallybeinggivenbadadvicetoslowdown,takeiteasy,stopworrying,andretiretoFlorida,hesays.Hedescribedonestudyparticipant,stillworkingattheageof100,whowasrecentlydisappointedtoseehissonretire.We"rebeginningtoseeachangeinhowpeopleviewretirement,saysGeorgeLeeson,co-directoroftheInstituteofPopulationAgeingatOxford.Whereonceretirementwasseenasabriefrewardafteralongstrugglethroughsomemiserablejob,itisnowakin(近似)tobeingcastaside.WhatLeesontermstheWarrenBuffetteffectisbecomingmorebroadlyappealingasindividualscometoviewretirementasnotsimplybeinglinkedtoeconomicproductivitybutalsoaboutcontribution.Observersaresplitonwhetherthisisawhollygoodthing.Ontheonehand,companiesandfinancialfirmscanbenefitfromthewisdomofaresilient(坚韧的)chief.Ontheother,thenewgenerationcanfinditmoredifficulttoadvance-anargumentthattypicallyholdslittleswaytoanevertiree.56.Whatdowelearnabouttheso-callednevertirees?A)Theyarepassionateaboutmakingafortune.B)Theyhavenochoicebuttocontinueworking.C)Theylovewhattheydoandchoosenottoretire.D)Theywillnotretireunlesstheyarecompelledto.57.WhatdoIrvingKahnandRuthBaderGinsburghaveincommon?A)Neitherofthemissubjecttoforcedretirement.B)Neitherofthemdesiresrewardfortheirwork.C)Bothclingtotheirpositionsdespiteopposition.D)Botharecapableofcopingwithheavyworkloads.58.WhatisthefindingofHowardFriedman"sresearch?A)Theharderyouwork,thebiggeryourfortunewillbe.B)Theearlieryouretire,thehealthieryouwillbe.C)Elderlypeoplehavetoslowdowntolivelonger.D)Workingatanadvancedagelengthenspeople"slife.59.Whatisthetraditionalviewofretirementaccordingtothepassage?A)Itmeansaburdentotheyoungergeneration.B)Itisasymbolofamatureandcivilizedsociety.C)Itisacompensationforone"slife-longhardwork.D)Ithelpsincreaseanation"seconomicproductivity.60.Whatdocriticssayaboutnevertirees?A)Theyareanobstacletoacompany"sdevelopment.B)Theylackthecreativityoftheyoungergeneration.C)Theycannotworkasefficientlyastheyusedto.D)Theypreventyoungpeoplefromgettingahead.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenwetalkaboutAmericansbarelyintoadulthoodwhoaresaddledwithunbearablelevelsofdebt,theconversationisalmostalwaysaboutstudentloandebt.Butthere"sagrowingbodyofevidencesuggestingthattoday"syoungadultsarealsodrowningincredit-carddebtandthatmanyofthemwilltakethisdebttotheirgraves.Morethan20%overspenttheirincomebymorethan$100everysinglemonth.Sincetheyhaven"tbuiltuptheircredithistoriesyet,it"sasafebetthattheseyoungadultsarepayingrelativelyhighinterestratesontheresultingcreditcarddebt.Althoughmanyyoungpeopleblamesocializingasabarriertosavingmoney,mostofthemaren"tknockingback$20drinksintrendy(时尚的)lounges.They"restrugglingwithmuchmoredailyfinancialdemands.Toadisturbinglylargeextent,theyoungandthebrokearerelyingoncreditcardstomakeituntiltheirnextpayday.Thisobviouslyisn"tsustainableinthelongrun.andit"sgoingtoputahugedragontheirspendingpowerevenaftertheyreachtheirpeakearningyears,becausethey"llstillbepayinginterestonthatbottleoforangejuiceorboxofspaghetti(意式面条)theyboughtadecadeearlier.AnewstudyoutofOhioStateUniversityfoundthatyoungadultsareaccumulatingcreditcarddebtatamorerapidratethanotheragegroups,andthatthey"resloweratpayingitoff.Ifwhatwefoundcontinuestoholdtrue,wemayhavemoreelderlypeoplewithsubstantialfinancialproblemsinthefuture,warnsLuciaDunn,professorofeconomicsatOhioState.Ifourfindingspersist,wemaybefacedwithafinancialcrisisamongelderlypeoplewhocan"tpayofftheircreditcards.Dunnsaysalotoftheseyoungpeoplearenevergoingtogetoutfromundertheircreditcarddebt.Manypeopleareborrowingoncreditcardssoheavilythatpayoffratesattheselevelsarenotsufficienttorecovertheircreditcarddebtbytheendoftheirlife,whichcouldhavelossimplicationsforthecreditcardissuingbanks.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A)ManyyoungAmericanswillneverbeabletopayofftheirdebts.B)Creditcardsplayanincreasinglyimportantroleincollegelife.C)Creditcardsaredoingmoreharmthanstudentloans.D)TheAmericancreditcardsystemisundercriticism.62.Whydoyoungpeoplehavetopayahigherinterestontheircreditcarddebt?A)Theytendtoforgetaboutthedeadlines.B)Theyhaven"tdevelopedacredithistory.C)Theyareoftenunabletopaybackintime.D)Theyareinexperiencedinmanagingmoney.63.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofyoungadultsrelyingoncreditcardstomakeendsmeet?A)Itwillplaceanunnecessaryburdenonsociety.B)Itwillgivethemnomotivationtoworkhard.C)Itwillexertpsychologicalpressureonthem.D)Itwillaffecttheirfuturespendingpower.64.WhatwillhappentoyoungadultsiftheircreditcarddebtkeepsaccumulatingaccordingtoLuciaDunn?A)Theywillhavetopayanincreasinglyhigherinterestrate.B)Theymayexperienceafinancialcrisisintheiroldage.C)Theirqualityoflifewillbeaffected.D)Theircreditcardsmaybecancelled.65.WhatdoesLuciaDunnthinkmightbeariskforthecreditcardissuingbanks?A)Theygobankruptasaresultofover-lending.B)Theyloselargenumbersoftheirregularclients.C)Theirclientsleavetheirdebtsunpaidupondeath.D)Theirinterestrateshavetobereducednowandthen.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish．中国结(theChineseknot)最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进.已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。结在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handicraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。OntheOveruseoftheMobilePhoneAsisshowninthepicture,havingamobilephoneinhandandatthereadyisthedefaultmodewhilewalkingonthestreets.Whatthiscartoonsymbolicallyrevealsisthatpeoplenowadays,especiallyyoungpeople,aregrowingincreasinglydependentontheirmobilephones.Itistruethatthemobilephonehasbroughtgreatconveniencetopeople"slife.1.However,justasisillustratedinthepicture,theoveruseofitmayleadtoseveralbadconsequences.Iobeginwith,thereisevidencethatlong-termexposuretoelectromagneticradiationmaytriggermanyhealthproblems,suchasinsomnia,headachesandevencancers.2.Inaddition,whenpeopleimmersethemselvesinthemobilephone,theytendtopaylessattentiontotheirsurroundings,posinganimmediatethreattotheirlife,healthandproperty.Lastbutnotleast,excessiveuseofmobilephonesmeansmuchlesschanceofface-to-faceinteractionswiththepeoplewhopopulatetheirreallives.Inconclusion,whilemobilephoneshavecontributedalottomakingourlifemoreconvenient,weshouldusethemappropriatelyandrationally.01-25CACBABDACABDADCDBCDBACABD26.Inaddition27.software28.available29.individuals30.technological31.manufacture32.Inshort33.Bycontrast34.scientific35.quantity36-45NLIOFDCJMH46-55KCEBHDJCLF56-65CADCDABDBCTheChineseknot,originallyinventedbythecraftsmen,hasbecomeanelegantandcolorfulartandcraftoverhundredsofyears"improvement.Inancienttimes,itwasusedtorecordevents,butnowadaysitismainlyfunctioningasdecorations.Knotsignifieslove,marriageandreunioninChinese.Oftenusedasgiftexchangesordecorations,theChineseknotisbelievedtobringgoodluckaswellaswardoffevilspirits.Thehandicrafthasbeenpasseddownfromonegenerationtoanotherandnowisgainingpopularitybothathomeandabroad.
