2014北京岗位能力：无序元素对应问题解读
军队文职考试岗位能力试卷当中判断推理部分，一般采用图形推理、定义判断、类比推理、逻辑判断四种题型。从近年来考试情况来分析，各部分考点稳定，题量时有调整，其中逻辑判断部分中的朴素逻辑基本每年都会考察1道题。朴素逻辑是自发的、不系统的逻辑过程。所谓自发，就在于很多时候，我们在使用着朴素逻辑，但是却没有意识到。所谓不系统，即朴素逻辑的具体过程可以单独存在。我们可以用逆向解释来分析这个问题，再用对比的方法来分析另一个问题，而全然不用考虑两个问题是否有关，以及这种“差别对待”是否合理。简单来讲，朴素逻辑就是最原始的逻辑，很多同学在学习过朴素逻辑之后，往往得出这样一个结论：朴素逻辑一点也不“朴素”。在此国家军队文职考试网（）就给大家介绍一类岗位能力考试中比较常见的朴素逻辑问题----无序的元素对应问题。所谓无序的元素对应问题，常考题型主要包括以下两种：1、两元素对应问题。这类题目题干仅仅涉及两类元素的对应关系（参见例1），常用的解题方法有代入排除法、列表法、连线法。例1：有甲、乙、丙、丁四人，他们分别是舞蹈家、画家、歌唱家和作家，尚不能确定其中每个人所从事的专业领域。已知：（1）有一天晚上，甲和丙出席了歌唱家的首次演出。（2）画家曾为乙和作家两个人画过肖像。（3）作家正准备写一本甲的传记，他所写丁的传记是畅销书。（4）甲从来没有见过丙下面哪一选项正确的描述了每个人的身份？A.甲歌唱家，乙作家，丙画家，丁舞蹈家B.甲舞蹈家，乙歌唱家，丙作家，丁画家C.甲画家，乙舞蹈家，丙歌唱家，丁作家D.甲作家，乙画家，丙舞蹈家，丁歌唱家答案：B解析：题目属于两元素对应的问题，可利用代入排除法解题，首先，将A选项代入，发现与条件1中甲不是歌唱家冲突，进而排除；再将B代入，发现各项均符合条件，从而确定答案为B。另外可寻找突破口，再利用代入排除法快速解题：通读条件，发现对作家的描述很多，猜想以其为突破口，观察条件2和条件3，发现作家不是乙排除A，也不是甲和丁，排除C、D，由此可知正确答案为B。2.三元素对应问题。这类题目题干要求确定三类元素的对应关系（如例2），常用的解题方法有代入排除法、连线法。例2：在同学聚会上，甲、乙、丙、丁在各自的岗位上都做出了一定的成绩，称为了教授、明星、和经理。另外：（1）他们分别毕业于音乐系、物理系和中文系（2）明星称赞中文系毕业者身体健康（3）物理系毕业者请教授写了一幅字（4）明星和物理系毕业者生活在同一个城市（5）乙向音乐系毕业者请教过乐理问题（6）毕业后，物理系毕业者、乙都没再和丙联系过A.丙是明星，甲毕业于物理系B.已毕业于音乐系C.甲毕业于音乐系D.中文系毕业生是明星答案：A解析：三元素对应问题，往往比较复杂，要注意寻找突破口，再结合其他解题方法，以便快速确定答案。通读题干，发现对物理系毕业者的表述较多，猜想其为本题的突破口。观察涉及物理系毕业者的条件，由条件6可知，甲是物理系毕业生，从而排除C；再观察其他条件，由条件2可知，中文系毕业生不是明星，排除D；由条件5可知，乙不是音乐系毕业生，排除D，从而确定正确答案为A。以上是对军队文职考试当中无序元素对应问题的简单介绍，这类题目出现频率较高，且题目往往比较绕、没有固定的推理规则，容易让人摸不着头脑，我们提醒考生需掌握一些常用方法，勤加练习，定可取胜。岗位能力更多解题思路和解题技巧，可参看。
2017年考试岗位能力技巧：元素有序如何快速对应
在军队文职考试的逻辑判断部分，朴素逻辑是一种常考题型，朴素逻辑主要测查考生是否能够灵活运用自身的逻辑思维进行推理从而解决问题的能力。而其中的元素有序对应问题又是该题型中的一个高频考点，其解题方法值得我们去研究和掌握。所谓元素有序对应问题，指的是题干列出了若干维(类)元素，并且题干条件中涉及了顺序关系，结论要求我们将这几维元素之间形成正确的对应关系。针对这类问题，我们该如何快速解决呢?在此，为广大考生详细讲解一下解决这类问题的方法和技巧，希望对大家会有很好的帮助。一、代入排除法代入排除思维是解决逻辑判断中很多问题的一种基本思维。一般而言，在朴素逻辑的题目中，我们首先想到的第一个解题方法就是代入排除法，因为这是最简单便捷的解题方法。所谓代入排除法，即将条件代入选项或者将选项代入条件从而排除选项的方法。由此可知：A.小王是律师，小李是医生，小张是教师B.小王是医生，小李是教师，小张是律师C.小王是教师，小李是律师，小张是医生D.小王是教师，小李是医生，小张是律师二、列不等式对应若题干中的对应关系涉及顺序比较关系，比如大小、多少、高低、好差等数量关系的比较。此时我们可以根据题干条件，列出相关不等式，从而形成连锁不等式进行对应，确定元素之间的关系。据此，可以推出甲、乙、丙3位战士的成绩按从高到低依次排列为：A.甲、乙、丙B.乙、丙、甲C.丙、甲、乙D.乙、甲、丙三、画线对应若题干中的对应关系涉及排列排序问题，比如东西、左右等，此时我们可以画出一条线，将元素一一列上即可。如果上述陈述为真，那么以下那项也为真?Ⅰ.水果汁在倒数第三位置上。Ⅱ.酸奶放在第二。Ⅲ.可口可乐汽水放在中间。A.只有ⅠB.只有ⅡC.只有ⅢD.只有Ⅰ和Ⅱ方便面→酸奶→饼干→水果汁→可口可乐汽水→肉松→蛋糕。则只有Ⅱ正确，故答案选B。以上即是军队文职逻辑判断元素有序对应问题的解题技巧分析，希望通过上述的讲解对大家解决元素对应问题会有所帮助。更多解题思路和解题技巧，可参看。
解放军文职招聘考试2014年6月英语四级听力文本第一套-解放军文职人员招聘-军队文职考试-红师教育
发布时间：2017-06-18 18:53:51Section AA) See a doctor about her strained shoulder.B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.C) Replace the cupboard with a new one.D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.A) At Mary Johnson s.B) At a painter s studio.C) In an exhibition hall.D) Outside an art gallery.A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.B) She does not quite agree with what the man said.C) The man had better talk with the students himself.D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.A) He helped Doris build up the furniture.B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.C) Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.D) He was good at assembling bookshelves.A) He doesn t get on with the others.B) He doesn t feel at ease in the firm.C) He has been taken for a fool.D) He has found a better position.A) They should finish the work as soon as possible.B) He will continue to work in the garden himself.C) He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.D) They can hire a gardener to do the work.A) The man has to get rid of the used furniture.B) The man s apartment is ready for rent.C) The furniture is covered with lots of dust.D) The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.A) The man will give the mechanic a call.B) The woman is waiting for a call.C) The woman is doing some repairs.D) The man knows the mechanic very well.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) She had a job interview to attend.B) She was busy finishing her project.C) She had to attend an important meeting.D) She was in the middle of writing an essay.A) Accompany her roommate to the classroom.B) Hand in her roommate s application form.C) Submit her roommate s assignment.D) Help her roommate with her report.A) Where Dr. Ellis s office is located.B) When Dr. Ellis leaves his office.C) Directions to the classroom building.D) Dr. Ellis s schedule for the afternoon.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) He finds it rather stressful.B) He is thinking of quitting it.C) He can handle it quite well.D) He has to work extra hours.A) The 6:00 one.B) The 6:30 one.C) The 7:00 one.D) The 7:30 one.A) It is an awful waste of time.B) He finds it rather unbearable.C) The time on the train is enjoyable.D) It is something difficult to get used to.A) Reading newspapers.B) Chatting with friends.C) Listening to the daily news.D) Planning the day s work.Passage oneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) Ignore small details while reading.B) Read at least several chapters at one sitting.C) Develop a habit of reading critically.D) Get key information by reading just once or twice.A) Choose one s own system of marking,B) Underline the key words and phrases.C) Make as few marks as possible.D) Highlight details in a red color.A) By reading the textbooks carefully again.B) By reviewing only the marked parts.C) By focusing on the notes in the margins.D) By comparing notes with their classmates.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) The sleep a person needs varies from day to day.B) The amount of sleep for each person is similar.C) One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.D) Everybody needs some sleep for survival.A) It is a made-up story.B) It is beyond cure.C) It is a rare exception.D) It is due to an accident.A) His extraordinary physical condition.B) His mother s injury just before his birth.C) The unique surroundings of his living place.D) The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.B) She learned to write for financial newspapers.C) She developed a strong interest in finance.D) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.A) She made a wise investment in real estate.B) She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit.C) She got 7.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.D) She inherited a big fortune from her father.A) She was extremely mean with her money.B) She was dishonest in business dealings.C) She frequently ill-treated her employees.D) She abused animals including her pet dog.Section CAmong the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are __26__ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. For example, a Colombian who wants someone to __27__ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly __28__. Speakers of English have a similar gesture though the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the __29__ of the Colombian gesture. Again, in Colombia, a speaker of English would have to know that when he __30__ height he must choose between different gestures depending on whether he is __31__ a human being or an animal. If he keeps the palm of the hand __32__ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter; in Colombia this gesture is __33__ for the description of animals. In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand __34__ to the floor. Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also __35__ moments. In both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, oneor more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each question therewill be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Now let s begin with the eight shortconversations.1. W: I can t seem to reach the tea at the back of the cupboard.M: Oh Why don t you use the ladder? You might strain your shoulder.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?2. W: Since it s raining so hard, let s go and see the new exhibits.M: That s a good idea. Mary Johnson is one of my favorite painters.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3. M: I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair evaluation.W: It depends on which student you are talking about.Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: It must have taken you a long time to fix up all these book shelves.M: It wasn t too bad. I got Doris to do some of them.Q: What does the man mean?5. W: Rod, I hear you ll be leaving at the end of this month. Is it true?M: Yeah. I ve been offered a much better position with another firm. I d be a fool to turn it down.Q: Why is the man quitting his job?6. W: I honestly don t want to continue the gardening tomorrow, Tony?M: Neither do I. But I think we should get it over with this weekend.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: You ve already furnished your apartment?M: I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. W: Has the mechanic called the bus repairers?M: Not yet .I ll let you know when he calls.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Now you ll hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Hello. Matt Ellis speaking.W: Hello, Dr. Ellis, my name s Pan Johnson. My roommate, Janet Holmes, wanted me to call you.M: Janet Holmes? Oh, that s right. She s in my Shakespearean English class. Has anything happened to her?W: Nothing, it s just that she submitted a job application yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today. She s afraid she won t be able to attend your class this afternoon though. I m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. Janet said it s due today.M: Certainly, that would be fine. Uh, you can either drop it off at my class or bring it to my office.W: Would it be all right to come by your office around 4:00? I m afraid I can t come any earlier because I have three classes this afternoon.M: Uh, I won t be here when you come. I m supposed to be at a meeting from 3:00 to 6:00, but how about leaving it with my secretary? She usually stays until 5:00.W: Fine, please tell her I ll be there at 4:00. And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is? Janet told me where your class is, but she didn t give me directions to your office.M: Well, I m in Room 302 of the Gregory Building. I ll tell my secretary to put the paper in my mail box, and I ll get it when I return.W: I sure appreciate it. Goodbye, Dr. Ellis.M: Goodbye, Ms. Johnson.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. Why couldn t the woman s roommate attend the Shakespearean English class that afternoon?10. What favor is the woman going to do for her roommate?11. What does the woman want to know at the end of the conversation?Conversation Two:W: How are things going, Roald?M: Not bad, Jane. I m involved in several projects and it s a long working day. But I m used to that so it doesn t bother me too much.W: I heard you have moved to a new house in the suburb. How do you like commuting to London every day? Don t you find it a string?M: It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train. But it s bearable now that I m used to it.W: Don t you think it s an awful waste of time? I couldn t bear to spend three hours sitting in a train every day.M: I used to feel the same as you. But now I quite enjoy it.W: How do you pass the time? Do you bring some work with you to do on the train?M: Ah, that s a good question. In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. On the way home at night, I relax with a good book or chat with friends or even have a game of bridge.W: I suppose you know lots of people on the train now.M: Yes, I bumped into someone I know on the platform every day. Last week I came across a couple of old school friends and we spend the entire journey in the bar.W: It sounds like a good club. You never know. I may join it too.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What does the man say about his job?13. Which train does the man take to work every day?14. How does the man feel about commuting to work every day now?15. How does the man spend his time on the morning train?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneMost American college students need to be efficient readers. This is necessary because full-time students probably have to read several hundred pages every week. They don t have time to read a chapter three or four times. They need to extract as much information as possible from the first or second reading.An extraordinarily important study skill is knowing how to mark a book. Students mark the main ideas and important details with a pen or pencil, yellow or blue or orange. Some students mark new vocabulary in a different color. Most students write questions or short notes in the margins. Marking a book is a useful skill, but it s important to do it right. First, read a chapter with one pen in your hand and others next to you on the desk. Second, read a whole paragraph before you mark anything. Don t mark too much. Usually you will mark about 10% of a passage. Third, decide on your own system for marking. For example, maybe you will mark main ideas in yellow, important details in blue and new words in orange. Maybe you will put question marks in the margin when you don t understand something and before an exam. Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.16. What should American college students do to cope with their heavy reading assignments?17. What suggestion does the speaker give about marking a textbook?18. How should students prepare for an exam according to the speaker?Passage TwoThe thought of having no sleep for 24 hours or more isn t a pleasant one for most people. The amount of sleep that each person needs varies. In general, each of us needs about 8 hours of sleep each day to keep us healthy and happy. Some people, however, can get by with just a few hours of sleep at night.It doesn t matter when or how much a person sleeps. But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception to this. Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a real exception, for supposedly, he never slept!Al Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersy. They hoped to challenge the claim that he never slept. But they were surprised. Though they watched him every hour of the day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. He did not even own a bed. He never needed one.The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen newspapers. His doctors were puzzled by the strange case of permanent sleeplessness. Herpin offered the only clue to his condition. He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he had been born. Herpin died at the age of 94, never, it seems, having slept at all.19. What is taken for granted by most people?20. What do doctors think of Al Herpin s case?21. What could have accounted for Al Herpin s sleeplessness?Passage ThreeHetty Green was a very spoiled, only child. She was born in Massachusetts USA in 1835. Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account. Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. She went to New York and invested on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15 cents. She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world. At 33 she married Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.Hetty s meanness was well-known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all, when her son, Ned, fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours looking for free medical help. In the end Ned lost his leg. When she died in 1916 she left her children 100 million dollars. Her daughter built a hospital with her money.22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?25. What do we learn about Hetty s daughter?Section CDirections: In this section, you will heara passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you shouldlisten carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.Now listen to the passage.Tests may be the most unpopular part ofacademic life. Students hate them because they produce fear and anxiety aboutbeing evaluated, and focus on grades instead of learning for learning s sake.But tests are also valuable. Awell-constructed test identifies what you know and what you still need tolearn. Tests help you see how your performance compares to that of others. Andknowing that you ll be tested on a body of material is certainly likely tomotivate you to learn the material more thoroughly.However, there s another reason you mightdislike tests: You may assume that tests have the power to define your worth asa person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to believe that you vereceived some fundamental information about yourself from the professor, informationthat says you re a failure in some significant way.This is a dangerous andwrong-headed assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn t mean you are abad person or stupid. Or that you ll never do better again, and that your lifeis ruined. If you don t do well on a test, you re the same person you werebefore you took the test no better, no worse. You just did badly on a test.That s it.In short, tests are not a measure of yourvalue as an individual they are a measure only of how well and how much youstudied. Tests are tools; they are indirect and imperfect measures of what weknow.Section A1. B 本题考查计划或者建议。考点在第二个男士的提议。Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. strain: v.表示拉伸，扭伤，strain your shoulder 拉伤肩膀。2. D 本题考查对话场景。通过女士提到的 new exhibits 和男士提到的 favorite painters 可推出：Outside an art gallery.3. B 本题考查语义推断。考点在第二个女士的回应，面对男士的说法，她并没有表示认同，而是婉转表达了质疑。 unfair evaluation 意思是 不公平的评价 。4. C 2014年6月四级听力短对话解析：本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士的话。原文中男士说的 do some of them 指的就是修理书架。5. D 本题考查因果关系。考点在第二个男士所解释的原因。 position 即 职位 ， firm 即 公司 ， turn down 是拒绝的意思，与问题中的 quit 即 放弃，辞职 的意思相同。6. A 本题考查转折关系。考点在第二个男士语义转折之后的内容。选项 中的 finish 同义替换原文中的 get it over ，而 as soon as possible 则改写了 within this weekend .7. D 本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士所说的话，习惯用语 dirt cheap 就是 很便宜，白菜价 的意思。选项D中的 inexpensive 同义改写了 dirt cheap 。8. B 本题考查语义推断。考点要结合女士的提问和男士的回答。 mechanic 指 机械工 ， bus repairers 指 公车修理师 。Conversation One：9. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：前2句都是礼节性问答，第3句开始出现新人物 Janet Holmes , 即考点预警信号。关键信息就是女士接下来的回答： submitted a job application提交工作申请，asked her in for an interview 通知她面试，对应A选项：She had a job interview to attend.10. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：前文刚刚提到 Janet Holmes 所遇到的问题(因面试不能上课交作业)，接着就提到了解决这一问题的方法，关键听取原文中 I m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. 对应选项C：Submit her roommate s assignment。11. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：从四个选项都以特殊疑问词开头的特征可以预判，本题考点是某人的疑问。关键信息是女士在最后所提到的问题： And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is? 对应选项A. Where Dr. Ellis s office is located.Conversation Two：12. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：第一题完全符合 前3句出考点 的套路，考点信息出现在明显的信号词 But 之后： But it s bearable now that I m used to it 。 bearable 表示可以忍受的，be used to 表示为习惯做某事。对应选项C：He can handle it quite well.13. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：本题考查时间细节，所听即所选。关键信息是 It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train 对应选项B：The 6:30 train.14. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：本题考点再次出现在明显信号词But之后： But now I quite enjoy it. 对应选项C：The time on the train is enjoyable15. 2014年6月四级听力长对话解析：长对话最后一题往往对应整个对话的结尾部分。女士最后问男士在车上如何消磨时光，男士的回答则是考点信息： In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. 对应选项A：Reading newspapers.Section B17. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：从第二段开始，marking skill被反复提到，无疑是重要考点。就做标记的技巧，作者一共提了3个建议，其中 Third, decide on your own system for marking 几乎完整地被选项A照搬下来：Choose one s own system of marking. 根据所听基本即所选原则，答案就是A。18. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：最后一题考察了转折结构，考点信息出现在明显的信号词 Instead 之后： Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time. 对应选项B：By reviewing only the marked parts.19.2014年6月四级听力短文解析：答案出现在明显的信号词 But 之后，即： But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. 对应选项D：Everybody needs some sleep for survival.20. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：答案出现在明显的信号词 But 之后，即： But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a rare exception 对应选项C：It is a rare exception. rare表示稀有的，少见的。23. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：本题略有难度。考点紧跟在上一题考点句之后，即 Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. 对应选项D. She inherited a big fortune from her father.24. 2014年6月四级听力短文解析：本题难度较大。错误选项中的细节有较强干扰性，但如果考生对最后一段的整体结构有所把握，并且知道第一句中提到的 meanness 的意思，即：吝啬，小气，就能理解后文内容都属于次要信息，是对meanness的举例说明。对应选项A. She was extremely mean with her money.26. identical27. approach28. back and forth29. opposite30. indicates31. referring to32. parallel to33. reserved34. at a right angle35. embarrassing
岗位能力指导：言语理解对应分析法
军队文职考试中的逻辑填空题目单纯考查词义的题目越来越少，多数题目都把考查重点放在了对特定语境的分析上。对应分析法是进行语境分析的一种方法，也是快速突破逻辑填空的有效方法。对应分析法主要适用于有一定的言语片段和上下文之间的关系的语境。命题人通常会在空缺处的上下文设置一些提示信息，这些信息与正确答案之间存在一定呼应关系。对应分析法就是通过揭示这种呼应关系，帮助考生寻找解题思路。下面，学宝教育国家军队文职考试网专家就结合真题对对应分析法进行讲解，帮助考生理解与复习。逻辑填空题中的对应关系主要分为正对应和逆对应两种。一、正对应正对应，指的是文段中上下文的某些词句从正面提示了正确答案的信息。(一)解说关系例题1：(2008?国家)作为一个公司领导，不需要、也不可能事必躬亲，但一定要，能够在注意细节当中比他人观察得更细致、，在某一细节操作上做出榜样，并形成，使每个员工不敢马虎，无法。只有这样，企业的工作才能真正做细。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是()。A.明察秋毫周密威慑力搪塞B.明辨是非周详使命感推脱C.抓大放小透彻好习惯塞责D.高瞻远瞩入微内聚力敷衍解析：此题答案为A。本题材料不长，却设了四个空。解答此类题目的基本方法是选定一个突破口，然后分项排除，最终锁定。突破口的选择因人而异，本题中第一空和第三空均有明显的提示信息，适合作为解题的突破口。“能够在注意细节当中比他人观察得更细致”与第一空构成解说关系的正对应。由此可知公司领导要注意细节，相关的只有“明察秋毫”;“使每个员工不敢马虎”与“形成”(第三空)构成解说关系，“不敢”提示了公司领导要形成的是“威慑力”。由这两空可知，A为正确答案。(二)概括关系例题2：(2010?联考)有研究表明，生物大灭绝在历史上发生过二十几次，大约每2600万年发生一次，似乎具有。对于物种大灭绝的发生是否真的如此频繁和有规律，还有争议。但即便是最的估计，也认为至少有5次物种大灭绝是非常明显的。A.必然性乐观B.规律性简单C.突发性粗略D.周期性保守解析：此题答案为D。阅读题干可知，第一空与“大约每2600万年发生一次”构成概括关系的正对应，“每”在此表示同一动作有规律地反复出现，由此可知，第一空只能选“规律性”或“周期性”。与“简单”相比，“保守”侧重于指一种底线或最低的限度，与后面的“至少”对应更恰当。因此本题答案为D。(三)顺承关系例题3：近现代西方科学与人文两种文化经历了融合、冲突和消解三个时期，反映到教育理念上也相应地经历了科学教育与人文教育的相互、越走越远和共同反思三个阶段。这一历史发展表明，过分强调科学文化和科学教育，必然导致对人文的;而过分强调人文文化和人文教育，也会带来对科学技术的漠视。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是()。A.渗透排挤B.结合无视C.渗透轻视D.结合限制解析：此题答案为C。“三个阶段”对应“三个时期”，因此第一个空格应与“融合”相对应。与“结合”相比，“渗透”的程度更深，与“融合”所表达的互相影响、不分彼此的意思更贴近，据此可首先排除B、D。第二空中，分号前后的句子分别说明了两种错误倾向造成的后果。由“过分强调人文教育会带来对科技的漠视”可知，过分强调科学教育同样也会造成对人文的漠视，C项中的“轻视”与“漠视”的含义最贴近，故本题选C。(四)递进关系例题4：我无法不老，但我还有可能年轻。我不敢对我们过于庞大的文化有什么祝祈，却希望自己笔下的文字能有一种后的回味，焦灼后的会心，冥思后的放松，苍老后的年轻。当然，希望也只是希望罢了，何况这实在已是一种。填入横线部分最恰当的一项是()。A.苦涩奢望B.辛酸奢求C.历练幻想D.风雨梦境解析：此题答案为A。由第一空句后的“回味”可知，这里所填的词语应与味道有关，符合这一特征的只有“苦涩”和“辛酸”，排除C、D。人们常说“忆苦思甜”，故会引起回味的一般是苦味，而不是酸味，由此排除B，答案为A。名师点评本题较简单，只要考生注意到第二空前后句存在递进关系，进而认识到第二空所填的词语应与“希望”意思相近但比其程度更重，即可锁定A项的“奢望”。二、逆对应逆对应，就是文段中上下文的若干词句从反面提示了应选词语的信息。当文段中存在诸如转折关系、并列关系、背离关系等逻辑关系时，考生可考虑此种对应。(一)转折关系例题5：(2010?国家)回到故乡时，发现故乡的传统生活方式正在消亡。村里的人们曾经拥有一个而完整的精神世界，但是外面的世界改变了这一切。这个村正在而又急遽地转型，只是生活在其中的人。依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是()。A.美好不着痕迹似信非信B.淳朴潜移默化漠然无知C.单一默不作声懵懵懂懂D.封闭悄无声息浑然不觉解析：此题答案为D。“潜移默化”强调的变化是一个渐进的过程，村子的转型不可能既是“潜移默化”的，又是“急遽”的，据此可排除B。“不着痕迹”、“默不作声”、“悄无声息”都含有悄然无声的意思，正因为村子的转型具有“快”和“无声”的特点，所以生活在其中的人才没有意识到，与此对应的词语为“浑然不觉”。名师点评第二句中转折词“但是”前后表达了两种不同的世界：外面的世界和村里的世界。“外面的世界”代表着开放、现代，那么与之相对的村里的世界则应是封闭、传统。故第一空中填“封闭”最贴切。(二)并列关系例题6：(2010?国家)在确立以夏、商、周为核心的中国上古史基本框架的基础上，“夏商周断代工程”将历谱推定、文献梳理、考古与碳十四测定等课题研究成果加以整合，提出了夏商周年表。尽管这个年表还有不够之处，但它的提出毕竟标志着中国的上古史已不是的传说，而是可信的历史了。依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是()。A.细致子虚乌有B.精准虚无缥缈C.合理扑朔迷离D.精确空穴来风解析：此题答案为B。第二空需要填的是一个修饰“传说”的成语。由“不是……而是……”可知前后句子构成并列的逆对应关系，对应“可信”的历史，可推知前文说的是传说的不可靠性。“扑朔迷离”指事情错综复杂，不容易看清楚。看不清楚并不代表不可靠，排除C。“空穴来风”这个成语比较特殊，原意为消息和谣言的传播不是完全没有原因的，故有“空穴来风，未必无因”的说法。后常被误用作消息和传说毫无根据，甚至有部分字典也接受了这一用法。但在考试中出现，通常仍应按原意去理解做题。据此排除D。第一空中，修饰“年表”这一对象，通常侧重的是准确与否，而非细致或粗糙，故本题选B。(三)背离关系例题7：(2010?国家)对大多数人来说，岗位是个人历练成长的基石。除了极少数的人能创建自己的事业，大多数人都必须走一条相同的路：在岗位上磨炼，依托奠定未来事业的基础。依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是()。A.直接组织B.主动团队C.独立同事D.一手集体解析：此题答案为A。在创建自己的事业时，人或多或少都会需要别人的帮助，所以“独立”、“一手”不合句意，排除C、D。句中“极少数”和“大多数”提示语段存在背离型逆对应关系，在辨析A、B两项时，可把选项中第一空词语代入句中一一验证。A：极少数人能直接创建自己的事业→大多数人只能间接完成;B：极少数人能主动创建自己的事业→大多数人只能被动完成;显然B项不合常理，可排除。答案选A。题干说的是大多数人需要在岗位上磨炼，借助岗位这个“基石”来积累经验与资本从而创建事业。岗位能力更多解题思路和解题技巧，可参看。
